Wing diagnostic characters for Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex nigripalpus (Diptera, Culicidae)

Vidal, Paloma Oliveira; Peruzin, Maria Cristina Jurcovichi; Suesdek, Lincoln

doi:10.1590/s0085-56262011000100022

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The sexual dimorphism of the wing shape was also significant in all comparisons, even when the allometry was removed. Our interpretation of these results is that the evolution of wings is controlled by different factors in the two sexes, as already proposed by others for blood-feeding mosquitoes (Devicari et al 2011, Vidal et al 2011. It is plausible to consider that the wings of males and females do not follow the same evolutionary pathway in Ae.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Temporal variation of wing geometry in Aedes albopictus

Vidal

Carvalho

Suesdek

2012

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Although native to the tropical and subtropical areas of Southeast Asia, Aedes albopictus is now found on five continents, primarily due to its great capacity to adapt to different environments. This species is considered a secondary vector of dengue virus in several countries. Wing geometric morphometrics is widely used to furnish morphological markers for the characterisation and identification of species of medical importance and for the assessment of population dynamics. In this work, we investigated the metric differentiation of the wings of Ae. albopictus samples collected over a four-year period (2007-2010) in São Paulo, Brazil. Wing size significantly decreased during this period for both sexes and the wing shape also changed over time, with the wing shapes of males showing greater differences after 2008 and those of females differing more after 2009. Given that the wings play sex-specific roles, these findings suggest that the males and females could be affected by differential evolutionary pressures. Consistent with this hypothesis, a sexually dimorphic pattern was detected and quantified: the females were larger than the males (with respect to the mean) and had a distinct wing shape, regardless of allometric effects. In conclusion, wing alterations, particularly those involving shape, are a sensitive indicator of microevolutionary processes in this species

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The wings of culicids have been geometrically characterised using the low-cost "geometric morphometrics" method (Jirakanjanakit et al 2008, Henry et al 2010, Devicari et al 2011, Vidal et al 2011. Microevolutionary studies of the wings are feasible because of the strong heritability of the relevant phenotypic traits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variation of wing geometry in Aedes albopictus

Vidal

Carvalho

Suesdek

2012

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…scapularis divergem morfologicamente como observado em outros culicídeos (Dujardin 2008b, Vidal et al 2011. Para avaliar se há dimorfismo sexual de asas nesta espécie, machos e fêmeas provenientes de duas localidades do Estado de São Paulo foram comparados utilizando-se técnicas de morfometria geométrica sobre a venação alar.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Dimorfismo sexual alar em Aedes scapularis (Diptera: Culicidae)

2011

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Abstract:The sex in mosquitoes (Culicidae) is relevant for faunistic and epidemiological surveys because only females are competent to transmit pathogens. Sexual dimorphism comprising genitalia and cephalic appendages is ordinarily visible in culicids. Wings may be also dimorphic and thus be complementary to traditional sexing methods. Nevertheless, such dimorphism is not easily noticeable to direct observation. Aiming to formally describe the sexual dimorphism in Aedes scapularis, a mosquito species competent for virus and filariae, wings of males and females were compared using geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics. We sampled populations from São Paulo and Pariquera-Açu municipalities (State of São Paulo). Concerning wing shape, the sexual dimorphism was evident from blind reclassification tests which were 100% accurate, independently of the geographical origin of samples. On the other hand, wing size was sexually dimorphic only in the population from Sao Paulo. Presumably, wing shape is evolutionarily more stable than its size, an interpretation which is in accordance with the theory posed by Dujardin (2008b). That theory indicates wing shape would be composed of genetically-determined quantitative characters, and marginally influenced by non-genetic factors, whereas wing size would be more labile and predominantly influenced by the environment. Resumo: A detecção do sexo de mosquitos da família Culicidae é importante em estudos faunísticos e epidemiológicos, pois somente as fêmeas possuem competência vetora para patógenos. O dimorfismo sexual de genitália e de apêndices cefálicos é, em geral, facilmente visível em culicídeos. As asas também podem ser dimórficas e assim poderiam complementar o procedimento de sexagem. No entanto, tal distinção não é facilmente notável à observação direta. Visando descrever formalmente o dimorfismo sexual alar em Aedes scapularis, um culicídeo vetorialmente competente para arbovírus e filárias, asas de machos e fêmeas foram comparadas usando-se métodos de morfometria geométrica e análise estatística multivariada. Nestas análises, populações dos municípios São Paulo e Pariquera-Açu (Estado de São Paulo) foram amostradas. A forma das asas mostrou evidente dimorfismo sexual, o que permitiu um índice de acurácia de 100% em testes-cegos de reclassificação, independentemente da origem geográfica. Já o tamanho alar foi sexualmente dimórfico apenas na população de São Paulo. Aparentemente, a forma alar é evolutivamente mais estável que o tamanho, interpretação que está de acordo com a teoria de Dujardin (2008b), de que a forma alar de insetos seria composta por caracteres genéticos quantitativos e pouco influenciada por fatores não-genéticos, enquanto que o tamanho alar seria predominantemente determinado por plasticidade decorrente de influências ambientais. Palavras-chave: Aedini, Ochlerotatus, microevolução, mosquito, vetor.

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“…In this sense, geometric morphometrics can be used to quantify this variation. Currently, this method has been largely employed both in distinction of closely related species [28][29][30][31] as in microevolution studies [32][33][34][35][36]. Considering the lack of biological and ecological studies regarding Cx.…”

Section: Referências Bibliográficasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caracterização de populações de Culex coronator (Diptera: Culicidae) e distinção de fêmeas adultas de Culex coronator e Culex usquatus por meio da análise da morfometria geométrica de asa e de sequências gênicas

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Caracterização de populações de 2014É expressamente proibida a comercialização deste documento tanto na sua forma impressa como eletrônica. Sua reprodução total ou parcial é permitida exclusivamente para fins acadêmicos e científicos, desde que na reprodução figure a identificação do autor, título, instituição e ano da tese. À minha mãe pelo amor e dedicação, ao meu pai e ao meu irmão, meus biólogos queridos, pelos ensinamentos e apoio. usquatus was recorded only in Central and South America. Therefore, these species are sympatric in Brazil. Despite the morphological similarity of the females of both species, only Cx. coronator has epidemiological importance, being found infected with many arboviruses. Since studies focusing in population structure are important to understand the evolution and dynamics of potencial vectors and that the correct female identification is critical for development of vectorial competence studies, the aims of this study were to: (1) distinguish adult females of Cx. coronator from Cx. usquatus (2) obtain knowledge of the population structure of Culex coronator in Southern and Southeastern areas (3) examine the presence of undescribed and/or incorrectly identified species under Cx. coronator. Thereby, a survey was carried out using morphological (wing geometry) and genetic (4 microsatellite loci and barcode region of the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene) markers. Results showed genetic and morphological diversity of southeastern populations, with low population structure, while southern populations were more homogenous but different from those of Southeast Brazil. Thus, analysis of microsatellite and wing morphometry showed some populational structure according to South DEDICO AGRADECIMENTOS

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Wing diagnostic characters for Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex nigripalpus (Diptera, Culicidae)

Cited by 35 publications

References 19 publications

Temporal variation of wing geometry in Aedes albopictus

Temporal variation of wing geometry in Aedes albopictus

Dimorfismo sexual alar em Aedes scapularis (Diptera: Culicidae)

Caracterização de populações de Culex coronator (Diptera: Culicidae) e distinção de fêmeas adultas de Culex coronator e Culex usquatus por meio da análise da morfometria geométrica de asa e de sequências gênicas

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