Winter CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes on some natural and drained boreal peatlands

Alm, Jukka; Saarnio, Sanna; Nykänen, Hannu; Silvola, Jouko; Martikainen, Pertti J.

doi:10.1007/bf00992977

Cited by 209 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Typically, maximal CH 4 effluxes in July and August were observed in boreal peatlands, littoral zones of boreal lakes, and alpine wetlands (Alm et al, 1999;Kankaala et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2008). In this study, our samplings were carried in the peak growing season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High methane emissions from a littoral zone on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Chen

Yao

et al. 2009

Atmospheric Environment

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High methane emissions from a littoral zone on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Chen

Yao

et al. 2009

Atmospheric Environment

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“…These large Q 10f values increased the effective turnover time in permafrost to 10 000 years or more and allowed the proper buildup of permafrost carbon. However, they also had the undesired effect of effectively shutting down wintertime respiration, which can account for a significant fraction of total annual respiration (Alm et al, 1999;Fang et al, 1999;Zimov et al, 1993aZimov et al, , b, 1996Schmidt and Lipson, 2004). The problem is that the Q 10f formulation based on the Arrhenius equation does not account for substrate availability, making it inappropriate when representing permafrost carbon dynamics on timescales of 500 to 10 000 years.…”

Section: K Schaefer and E Jafarov: A Parameterization Of Respiratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

A parameterization of respiration in frozen soils based on substrate availability

Schaefer

Jafarov

2016

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Respiration in frozen soils is limited to thawed substrate within the thin water films surrounding soil particles. As temperatures decrease and the films become thinner, the available substrate also decreases, with respiration effectively ceasing at −8 • C. Traditional exponential scaling factors to model this effect do not account for substrate availability and do not work at the century to millennial timescales required to model the fate of the nearly 1100 Gt of carbon in permafrost regions. The exponential scaling factor produces a false, continuous loss of simulated permafrost carbon in the 20th century and biases in estimates of potential emissions as permafrost thaws in the future. Here we describe a new frozen biogeochemistry parameterization that separates the simulated carbon into frozen and thawed pools to represent the effects of substrate availability. We parameterized the liquid water fraction as a function of temperature based on observations and use this to transfer carbon between frozen pools and thawed carbon in the thin water films. The simulated volumetric water content (VWC) as a function of temperature is consistent with observed values and the simulated respiration fluxes as a function of temperature are consistent with results from incubation experiments. The amount of organic matter was the single largest influence on simulated VWC and respiration fluxes. Future versions of the parameterization should account for additional, non-linear effects of substrate diffusion in thin water films on simulated respiration. Controlling respiration in frozen soils based on substrate availability allows us to maintain a realistic permafrost carbon pool by eliminating the continuous loss caused by the original exponential scaling factors. The frozen biogeochemistry parameterization is a useful way to represent the effects of substrate availability on soil respiration in model applications that focus on century to millennial timescales in permafrost regions.

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“…High spatial variability of CH 4 emissions is shown, both among and within sites in many studies (Bubier et al, 1993; Van den Pol-van Dasselaar et al, 1999a,b;Ding et al, 2003). However, research on spatial variations of CH 4 emissions in the spring thaw is uncommon (Melloh and Crill, 1996;Alm et al, 1999). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%