Winter Is Coming: How Humans Forage in a Temporally Structured Environment

Fougnie, Daryl; Zhang, Jinxia; Cormiea, Sarah; Xue, Gi; Alvarez, George A.; Wolfe, Jeremy M.

doi:10.1037/e524912015-050

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Hysteresis is another perceptual phenomenon in which our visual perceptual system resolves situations of suboptimal or ambiguous visual conditions by biasing current stimuli towards the appearance of previous stimuli [60]. Generally, our perceptual history is thought to influence current experience because perception is an active and predictive phenomenon, and recent experience in particular is a reasonable predictor of the present state of the world [61–63]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face familiarity promotes stable identity recognition: exploring face perception using serial dependence

et al. 2017

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Studies suggest that familiar faces are processed in a manner distinct from unfamiliar faces and that familiarity with a face confers an advantage in identity recognition. Our visual system seems to capitalize on experience to build stable face representations that are impervious to variation in retinal input that may occur due to changes in lighting, viewpoint, viewing distance, eye movements, etc. Emerging evidence also suggests that our visual system maintains a continuous perception of a face's identity from one moment to the next despite the retinal input variations through serial dependence. This study investigates whether interactions occur between face familiarity and serial dependence. In two experiments, participants used a continuous scale to rate attractiveness of unfamiliar and familiar faces (either experimentally learned or famous) presented in rapid sequences. Both experiments revealed robust inter-trial effects in which attractiveness ratings for a given face depended on the preceding face's attractiveness. This inter-trial attractiveness effect was most pronounced for unfamiliar faces. Indeed, when participants were familiar with a given face, attractiveness ratings showed significantly less serial dependence. These results represent the first evidence that familiar faces can resist the temporal integration seen in sequential dependencies and highlight the importance of familiarity to visual cognition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face familiarity promotes stable identity recognition: exploring face perception using serial dependence

et al. 2017

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“…This evidence is, admittedly, weak and more and different data are needed on this point. In a separate series of experiments, Fougnie et al [17] looked at the effects of prior history on a more difficult search task. In addition, they had observers make direct estimates of the number of targets that might be present in their displays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the past to anticipate the future in human foraging behavior

et al. 2015

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Humans engage in many tasks that involve gathering multiple targets from their environment (e.g. picking berries from a patch). Such foraging tasks raise questions about how observers maximize target collection—e.g. how long should one spend at one berry patch before moving to the next patch. Classic optimal foraging theories propose a simple decision rule: People move on when current intake drops below the average rate. Previous studies of foraging often assume this average is fixed and predict no strong relationship between the contents of the immediately preceding patch or patches and the current patch. In contrast to this prediction, we found evidence of temporal effects in a laboratory analog of a berry-picking task. Observers stayed longer when previous patches were better. This result is the opposite of what would be predicted by a model in which the assessment of the average rate is biased in favor of recent patches. This result was found when patch quality varied systematically over the course of the experiment (Experiment 1). Smaller effects were seen when patch quality was randomized (Experiment 2). Together, these results suggest that optimal foraging theories must account for the recent history to explain current behavior.

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“…Kristjánsson & Egeth, 2020; Treisman & Gelade, 1980; Wolfe, 2010; Wolfe & Horowitz, 2004, 2017)—to include situations where multiple targets from different categories must be located on each trial. Several other groups have also explored multiple-target search (e.g., Cain et al, 2012; Fougnie et al, 2015; Gilchrist et al, 2001; Hills et al, 2012, 2013; Pellicano et al, 2011; Wolfe, 2013; Wolfe et al, 2016, 2019). The common goal of such work is to better understand the relationship between vision, attention, and action in complex scenarios (see Á.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging tempo: Human run patterns in multiple-target search are constrained by the rate of successive responses

Thornton

Nguyen

Kristjánsson

2020

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Human foraging tasks are beginning to provide new insights into the roles of vision, attention and working memory during complex, multiple-target search. Here, we test the idea that “foraging tempo” — the rate of successive target selections — helps determine patterns of behaviour in these tasks. Previously, we established that the majority of target selections during unconstrained foraging happen at regular, rapid intervals, forming the “cruise phase” of a foraging trial. Furthermore, we noted that when the temporal interval between cruise phase responses was longer, the tendency to switch between target categories increased. To directly explore this relationship, we modified our standard iPad foraging task so that observers had to synchronize each response with an auditory metronome signal. Across trials, we increased the tempo and examined how this changed patterns of foraging when targets were defined either by a single feature or by a conjunction of features. The results were very clear. Increasing tempo systematically decreased the tendency for participants to switch between target categories. While this was true for both feature and conjunction trials, there was also evidence that time constraints and target complexity interacted. As in our previous work, we also observed clear individual differences in how participants responded to changes in task difficulty. Overall, our results show that foraging tempo does influence the way participants respond, and we suggest this parameter may prove be useful in further explorations of group and individual strategies during multiple target search.

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Winter Is Coming: How Humans Forage in a Temporally Structured Environment

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Face familiarity promotes stable identity recognition: exploring face perception using serial dependence

Face familiarity promotes stable identity recognition: exploring face perception using serial dependence

Using the past to anticipate the future in human foraging behavior

Foraging tempo: Human run patterns in multiple-target search are constrained by the rate of successive responses

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