Winter survival of female American Black Ducks in Tennessee, USA

Newcomb, Kira C.; Davis, J. Brian; Kaminski, Richard M.; Gray, Matthew J.

doi:10.1650/condor-15-74.1

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Seasonal survival rates of female mallards wintering in the LMAV ( Ŝ = 0.54; Davis et al ) and Mississippi ( Ŝ = 0.60; Lancaster ) were similarly low, although hunting was not the primary cause of mortality in these studies. In contrast, greater survival rates have been reported previously in wintering areas for mallards in Mississippi ( Ŝ = 0.82; Reinecke et al ) and California ( Ŝ = 0.49–0.83; Fleskes et al ), black ducks ( Anas rubripes ) in Tennessee ( Ŝ = 0.83–0.85; Newcomb et al ), northern pintail in Texas ( Ŝ = 0.78; Bergan and Smith ) and California ( Ŝ = 0.77–0.93; Fleskes et al ), and mottled ducks ( Anas fulvigula ) in Florida ( Ŝ = 0.81–0.96; Varner et al ). Interestingly, Dugger et al () reported no mortalities of female mallards during late winter (i.e., post‐hunting season, Ŝ = 0.99) in Arkansas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Mallard survival, movements, and habitat use during autumn in Illinois

et al. 2017

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The Illinois River Valley (IRV) in central Illinois, USA, provides migratory stopover habitat for millions of waterfowl during autumn and spring in the Mississippi Flyway. Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) are the most abundant species of waterfowl during autumn migration and the most harvested duck in Illinois. We investigated mallard migration ecology in central Illinois, USA, to address information needs of biologists and managers in the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lake Region Joint Venture and Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Our objectives were to document daily movements and identify factors affecting interwetland movements, investigate lengths of foraging flights, assess home range size during stopover, describe habitat use and identify factors associated with wetland use, estimate survival and cause specific mortality, and evaluate proportional use of refuges and areas open to hunting in and nearby the IRV by mallards. We employed standard radio-telemetry techniques to achieve our objectives during autumns and early winters 2009 and 2010 (n ¼ 86 F and 56 M mallards). The mean movement distance between locations collected on consecutive days was 2,822 AE 120 (SE) m (n ¼ 1,862; max. ¼ 56,966 m) across age, sex, and months. Female mallards (n ¼ 35) traveled 2,708 AE 191 m during evening foraging flights (n ¼ 145) to agricultural fields and emergent marshes. Mean home range size (95% minimum convex polygon) was 21,306 AE 1,925 ha across sex and age classes (n ¼ 81 mallards). We documented 43 mortalities of 142 radio-marked mallards (2009: 28.2%; 2010: 32.3%) with 85.0% and 69.6% of deaths attributed to hunting in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Body condition, hunting period, age, year, minimum daily temperature, and daily movement distance were important variables affecting survival, but differences were most pronounced for year and hunting period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Mallard survival, movements, and habitat use during autumn in Illinois

et al. 2017

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“…Although a recent meta‐analysis of black duck telemetry documented black duck use of forested wetlands (Ringelman et al ), it is unknown if it is a preferred feeding habitat or if it serves another ecological role (Osborn ). Although there is evidence that black ducks prefer forested wetlands for breeding and brood‐rearing because they promote reproductive success by providing warmth, effective protective cover from predators and harsh weather, and access to adequate food resources (Ringelman et al 1982a,b; Ringelman and Longcore ; Diefenbach and Owen ; Reinecke et al ), it is not as well known if winter use of forested wetlands is for energy consumption or if it is also for isolation, security, thermal cover, or avoiding disturbance (Straub et al , Newcomb ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forested wetlands provide food resources that meet the nutritional and thermoregulatory needs of black ducks that are either unavailable in other habitats or are only accessible at greater risk (Newcomb ). Additionally, similar to salt marsh wetlands (Fredrickson and Heitmeyer , Chipley , Stafford et al ), some studies reported that forested wetlands may provide inherent niche separation and a barrier to interspecific competition for resources with mallards (Reinecke et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrying capacity of wintering American black ducks in forested wetlands

et al. 2017

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Wintering populations of American black ducks (Anas rubripes) have declined throughout their range since the 1950s. Conservation for wintering black ducks is based largely on bioenergetic models of carrying capacity, and managers seek to provide wetlands with sufficient food energy to support target populations. Although the significance of salt marsh to wintering black ducks along the Atlantic Coast is well documented, forested wetlands are also used by wintering black ducks, and yet their foraging value and energetic potential is unknown. Therefore, quantifying the energetic value of forested wetlands is important for accurately estimating the carrying capacity of black ducks. We collected soil core samples from forested wetlands on Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge, Milton, Delaware in 2014 (n ¼ 46) and Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, Galloway, New Jersey, USA in 2015 (n ¼ 41) to estimate food biomass and quantify the energetic capacity of forested wetlands representative of the mid-Atlantic region. We estimated the mean energetic value of forested wetlands as 84,667 AE 21,822 kcal/ha. Considering all forested wetlands that are potentially available to black ducks along the mid-Atlantic Coast, we estimated that forested wetlands within a 24.1-km distance from the coast provide between 103,696,524-192,678,224 duck-use days supporting 489,135-908,860 black ducks over the 212 days of winter. Forested wetlands may be an important foraging resource for wintering black ducks, and our estimates of energetic value will help to refine bioenergetic models for black ducks in the Atlantic Flyway. Ó 2017 The Wildlife Society.

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“…Considering our results along with a recent analysis suggesting that black duck non‐breeding season mortality may be lower than previous estimates (Newcomb et al . ), it is tempting to assume that the effects of habitat loss are greater on the breeding grounds than the non‐breeding regions. However, the magnitude of effects of habitat loss on the relative strength of density dependence is the same for each season as the model is currently formulated; that is, habitat loss in a breeding region has the same effect mathematically as the loss of the same area of habitat in a wintering region in our model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling density-dependent dynamics using full annual cycle models and Bayesian model weight updating

2016

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1. Density dependence regulates populations of many species across all taxonomic groups. Understanding density dependence is vital for predicting the effects of climate, habitat loss and/or management actions on wild populations. Migratory species likely experience seasonal changes in the relative influence of density dependence on population processes such as survival and recruitment throughout the annual cycle. These effects must be accounted for when characterizing migratory populations via population models. 2. To evaluate effects of density on seasonal survival and recruitment of a migratory species, we used an existing full annual cycle model framework for American black ducks Anas rubripes, and tested different density effects (including no effects) on survival and recruitment. We then used a Bayesian model weight updating routine to determine which population model best fit observed breeding population survey data between 1990 and 2014. 3. The models that best fit the survey data suggested that survival and recruitment were affected by density dependence and that density effects were stronger on adult survival during the breeding season than during the non-breeding season. 4. Analysis also suggests that regulation of survival and recruitment by density varied over time. Our results showed that different characterizations of density regulations changed every 8-12 years (three times in the 25-year period) for our population. 5. Synthesis and applications. Using a full annual cycle, modelling framework and model weighting routine will be helpful in evaluating density dependence for migratory species in both the short and long term. We used this method to disentangle the seasonal effects of density on the continental American black duck population which will allow managers to better evaluate the effects of habitat loss and potential habitat management actions throughout the annual cycle. The method here may allow researchers to hone in on the proper form and/or strength of density dependence for use in models for conservation recommendations.

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Winter survival of female American Black Ducks in Tennessee, USA

Cited by 11 publications

References 103 publications

Mallard survival, movements, and habitat use during autumn in Illinois

Mallard survival, movements, and habitat use during autumn in Illinois

Carrying capacity of wintering American black ducks in forested wetlands

Disentangling density-dependent dynamics using full annual cycle models and Bayesian model weight updating

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