Wisconsin Card Sorting Test embedded validity indicators developed for adults can be extended to children

Abstract

Past studies have examined the ability of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to discriminate valid from invalid performance in adults using both individual embedded validity indicators (EVIs) and multivariate approaches. This study is designed to investigate whether the two most stable of these indicators-failures to maintain set (FMS) and the logistical regression equation S-B-can be extended to pediatric populations. The classification accuracy for FMS and S-B was examined in a mixed clinical sample of 226 children aged 7 to 17 years (64.6% male, MAge = 13.6 years) against a combination of established performance validity tests (PVTs). The results show that at adult cutoffs, FMS and S-B produce an unacceptably high failure rate (33.2% and 45.6%) and low specificity (.55-.72), but an upward adjustment in cutoffs significantly improves classification accuracy. Defining Pass as <2 and Fail as ≥4 on FMS results in consistently good specificity (.89-.92) but low and variable sensitivity (.00-.33). Similarly, cutting the S-B distribution at 3.68 produces good specificity (.90-.92) but variable sensitivity (.06-.38). Passing or failing FMS or S-B is unrelated to age, gender and IQ. The data from this study suggest that in a pediatric sample, adjusted cutoffs on the FMS and S-B ensure good specificity, but with low or variable sensitivity. Thus, they should not be used in isolation to determine the credibility of a response set. At the same time, they can make valuable contributions to pediatric neuropsychology by providing empirically-supported, expedient and cost-effective indicators to enhance performance validity assessment.

Disordered eating behaviours and autistic traits—Are there any associations in nonclinical populations? A systematic review

“…Four studies examined the correlation between setshifting and problematic eating behaviours (Griffiths et al, 2013;Kelly et al, 2013;Manasse et al, 2015;Naor-Ziv & Glicksohn, 2016). Set-shifting was measured by either the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) or the Penn Conditional Exclusion Task (Kurtz, Ragland, Moberg, & Gur, 2004;Lichtenstein, Erdodi, Rai, Mazur-Mosiewicz, & Flaro, 2016). Both tasks measure the ability to navigate between sudden changes in task criteria.…”

Flipping the Script: Measuring Both Performance Validity and Cognitive Ability with the Forced Choice Recognition Trial of the RCFT

“…Even if limited to interpreting valid clinical data from a seven-point scale (i.e., scores of 18–24), both RCFT recognition trials may provide useful clinical information about cognitive functioning. Future research would benefit from further exploring the RCFT FCR ’s clinical utility and in its use among children ( Lichtenstein et al., 2017 , 2018 , 2019 ). Replication using geographically and demographically diverse samples with a wide range of medically verified neuropsychiatric conditions is needed to determine the generalizability of the current findings.…”

“…In recent decades EVI research has proliferated. A popular method of EVI development has been to add a FCR trial to existing memory tests, such as the California Verbal Learning Test ( Delis et al., 2000 ), California Verbal Learning Test – Children’s Version ( Lichtenstein et al., 2017 ; 2018 ); Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test ( Poreh et al., 2016 ), and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test ( Abeare, Hurtubise et al., 2020 ; Cutler et al., 2021 ). Following this trend, Rai et al.…”

Revisión Sistemática de Literatura sobre Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil en Ecuador

“…38 MacAllister 40 opina que la aplicación de una única prueba, no debe ser criterio suficiente para ubicar trastornos en dichas funciones. 40,41 De acuerdo con Krivitzky 42 estas funciones se ven afectadas en lesión cerebral, trastorno generalizado del desarrollo, epilepsias, trastorno por déficit de atención y trastorno de aprendizaje. 40,[42][43][44][45] La función atencional es considerada para la evaluación en trastornos del desarrollo como Trastornos por déficit de atención y tumores cerebrales.…”