Witch Hazel Significantly Improves the Efficacy of Commercially Available Teat Dips

Rasooly, Reuven; Molnar, Adel; Paula, María; Morroni, Gianluca; Brescini, Lucia; Cirioni, Oscar; Giacometti, Andrea; Apostolidis, Emmanouil

doi:10.3390/pathogens9020092

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Results presented here also show that effect of commonly used antibiotics can be enhanced by the addition of WH, and that WH is synergistic with antibiotics like chloramphenicol and vancomycin. These results are in agreement with previous studies indicating that WH enhances the effect of germicides like iodine-based teat dips [36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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whISOBAXTM Inhibits Bacterial Pathogenesis and Enhances the Effect of Antibiotics

et al. 2020

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As bacteria are becoming more resistant to commonly used antibiotics, alternative therapies are being sought. whISOBAX (WH) is a witch hazel extract that is highly stable (tested up to 2 months in 37 °C) and contains a high phenolic content, where 75% of it is hamamelitannin and traces of gallic acid. Phenolic compounds like gallic acid are known to inhibit bacterial growth, while hamamelitannin is known to inhibit staphylococcal pathogenesis (biofilm formation and toxin production). WH was tested in vitro for its antibacterial activity against clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and its synergy with antibiotics determined using checkerboard assays followed by isobologram analysis. WH was also tested for its ability to suppress staphylococcal pathogenesis, which is the cause of a myriad of resistant infections. Here we show that WH inhibits the growth of all bacteria tested, with variable efficacy levels. The most WH-sensitive bacteria tested were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Furthermore, WH was shown on S. aureus to be synergistic to linezolid and chloramphenicol and cumulative to vancomycin and amikacin. The effect of WH was tested on staphylococcal pathogenesis and shown here to inhibit biofilm formation (tested on S. epidermidis) and toxin production (tested on S. aureus Enterotoxin A (SEA)). Toxin inhibition was also evident in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin that induces pathogenesis. Put together, our study indicates that WH is very effective in inhibiting the growth of multiple types of bacteria, is synergistic to antibiotics, and is also effective against staphylococcal pathogenesis, often the cause of persistent infections. Our study thus suggests the benefits of using WH to combat various types of bacterial infections, especially those that involve resistant persistent bacterial pathogens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Diseases caused by bacteria are an ongoing challenge worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation on host cells and medical devices can lead to treatment failures, and the production of bacterial toxins further worsens potential outcome [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

whISOBAXTM Inhibits Bacterial Pathogenesis and Enhances the Effect of Antibiotics

et al. 2020

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“…Notably, synergistic combinational effects were not detected in this study, although a wider panel of different antibiotics or bacterial species may reveal synergy. Interestingly, an iodine-based teat dip combined with a concentrated commercial witch hazel preparation has been found to synergistically inhibit the growth of E. coli and P. aeruginosa growth [28], which may be useful in the treatment of mastitis in dairy cattle. WH extracts can also be combined with green tea extracts to synergistically inhibit S. aureus growth using a similar assay model [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hamamelis virginiana L. Leaf Extracts Inhibit the Growth of Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

et al. 2023

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Virginian witch hazel (WH; Hamamelis virginiana L.; family: Hamamelidaceae) is a North American plant that is used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments, including bacterial infections. Solvents of varying polarity (water, methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and chloroform) were used to prepare extracts from this plant. Resuspensions of each extract in an aqueous solution were tested for growth-inhibitory activity against a panel of bacteria (including three antibiotic-resistant strains) using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution assays. The ethyl acetate, hexane and chloroform extracts were completely ineffective. However, the water and methanolic extracts were good inhibitors of E. coli, ESBL E. coli, S. aureus, MRSA, K. pneumoniae and ESBL K. pneumoniae growth, with the methanolic extract generally displaying substantially greater potency than the other extracts. Combining the active extracts with selected conventional antibiotics potentiated the bacterial growth inhibition of some combinations, whilst other combinations remained non-interactive. No synergistic or antagonistic interactions were observed for any WH extracts/antibiotic combinations. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the extracts identified three molecules of interest that may contribute to the activities observed, including phthalane and two 1,3-dioxolane compounds. Putative modes of action of the active WH extracts and these molecules of interest are discussed herein.

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“…However, CoNS are now increasingly recognized as causes of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows worldwide [ 9 ]. Although the level of the immune response of cows with CoNS infection is moderate compared to the immune response of S. aureus , the high somatic cell count (SCC) also contributes to reduction of the product quality and decrease milk production in the lactation period [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Staphylococcus spp. in milk from cows undergoing homeopathy to control subclinical mastitis

et al. 2022

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Background Mastitis is one of the major diseases in dairy cattle, as it causes great economic losses to producers due to the reduction of milk production and changes in the quality of the product. The disease is mainly caused by bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus spp., these microorganisms can express various virulence factors, such as biofilms for example. In herds with organic management, producers and technicians use unconventional ways to treat and control the disease, such as homeopathy. However, it is not known if this type of treatment is able to control pathogenic bacteria such as those of the genus Staphylococcus, of relevance to animal and human health. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the production of biofilm in vitro and its genes by Staphylococcus spp. isolated in the milk of cows treated with homeopathy, as well as the persistence of microorganisms in animals. Methods Ninety-nine isolates of Staphylococcus spp. from cows treated and not treated with homeopathy were identified by internal transcribed space-polymerase chain reaction and investigated for the presence of the icaABCD, bap, aap, atlE, and bhp genes and in vitro biofilm production using the adhesion method on polystyrene plates. The enzyme restriction profile was determined by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. Clusters of S. aureus and S. epidermidis with three or more isolates had an isolate selected for Multilocus Sequence Typing. Results The frequency of S. aureus isolations was similar in treated and untreated cows, while 71.4% of the coagulase-negative identified were isolated in cows treated with homeopathy. The distribution of the operon ica genes was similar in animals with and without treatment, except for the icaD gene, more frequent in treated cows. Production of biofilm was associated with presence of one or more genes from the icaADBC operon. S. aureus revealed a greater diversity and greater dissemination in cows treated and not treated with homeopathy. Sequence Types ST1, ST5, and ST126 were identified in S. aureus. Conclusions The presence of biofilm-associated genes and the in vitro production of biofilms, combined with the persistence of clonal profiles of Staphylococcus spp. demonstrate other forms of control for bovine mastitis should be researched for organic production herds.

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Witch Hazel Significantly Improves the Efficacy of Commercially Available Teat Dips

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

whISOBAXTM Inhibits Bacterial Pathogenesis and Enhances the Effect of Antibiotics

whISOBAXTM Inhibits Bacterial Pathogenesis and Enhances the Effect of Antibiotics

Hamamelis virginiana L. Leaf Extracts Inhibit the Growth of Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

Persistence of Staphylococcus spp. in milk from cows undergoing homeopathy to control subclinical mastitis

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