WITHDRAWN: Ameliorative Effects of Selenium on Kidney Injury via NF-kB and Aquaporin-1 Levels

Abstract

Background Systemic inflammation is a fatal condition that affects many tissues or organs. This pathological inflammation process, which can cause acute and chronic kidney damage, plays an important role in the structural and functional damage in various kidney diseases. Selenium (Se) is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory trace element. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of Se, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced kidney damage to maintain Aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) levels. Methods and Results Four experimental rat groups (n = 8) consisting of the control (1 mL saline), LPS alone (0.1 mg/kg), LPS + Se (0.1 mg/kg + 4 mg/kg) and Se alone (4 mg/kg) were so applied for 7 consecutive days. Upon sacrifice, histopathological results, diagnostic markers of kidney functions, oxidative stress, and inflammation were analyzed. Our results showed that LPS induced mononuclear cell infiltration, cellular residue and protein deposition in the kidney proximal tubules, and also decreased total antioxidant status levels, which is a marker of antioxidant capacity, and increased total antioxidant status and oxidative stress index values, which are indicators of oxidative stress. LPS increased the level of creatinine, which is an indicator of kidney damage, increased the level of Nuclear Factor kappa B, which has an important role in the inflammation process, and decreased the levels of AQP-1 due to the damage it caused. Se has shown its effect by reversing all these situations. Conclusions This data suggests that Se can be used as an additive to mitigate LPS-induced toxicity in the kidney.