WITHDRAWN: Image Digest using Color Vector Angle and Dominant Walsh-Hadamard Transform Coefficients

Budda, Naveena; Meenakshi, K.; Kora, Padmavathi; Reddy, G.V. Subba; Swaraja, K.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.488

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For embedding process, the RGB image has been converted into coefficients after which the transformed coefficients are inserted in subcategories. And for the inverse process, the estimated phase has been calculated and the technique observed better performance in terms of the best peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) (Prabha and Sam, 2021) and presented work of RGB image has been robust in terms of hashes (Budda et al , 2021). A new algorithm has been proposed that comprised three parts, and the scrambled data bit is used to insert as secret key in input color image.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color image watermarking using spatio-chromatic complex Hadamard transform in sequency domain

Jabeen

Monir

Noor

et al. 2021

WJE

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Purpose Watermarking technique is one of the significant methods in which carrier signal hides digital information in the form of watermark to prevent the authenticity of the stakeholders by manipulating different coefficients as watermark in time and frequency domain to sustain trade-off in performance parameters. One challenging component among others is to maintain the robustness, to limit perceptibility with embedding information. Transform domain is more popular to achieve the required results in color image watermarking. Variants of complex Hadamard transform (CHT) have been applied for gray image watermarking, and it has been proved that it has better performance than other orthogonal transforms. This paper is aimed at analyzing the performance of spatio-chromatic complex Hadamard transform (Sp-CHT) that is proposed as an application of color image watermarking in sequency domain (SD). Design/methodology/approach In this paper, color image watermarking technique is designed and implemented in SD using spatio-chromatic – conjugate symmetric sequency – ordered CHT. The color of a pixel is represented as complex number a*+jb*, where a* and b* are chromatic components of International Commission on Illumination (CIE) La*b* color space. The embedded watermark is almost transparent to human eye although robust against common signal processing attacks. Findings Based on the results, bit error rate (BER) and peak signal to noise ratio are measured and discussed in comparison of CIE La*b* and hue, saturation and value color model with spatio-chromatic discrete Fourier transform (Sp-DFT), and results are also analyzed with other discrete orthogonal transforms. It is observed from BER that Sp-CHT has 8%–12% better performance than Sp-DFT. Structural similarity index has been measured at different watermark strength and it is observed that presented transform performs better than other transforms. Originality/value This work presents the details and comparative analysis of two orthogonal transforms as color image watermarking application using MATLAB software. A finding from this study demonstrates that the Complex Hadamard transform is the competent candidate that can be replaced with DFT in many signal processing applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color image watermarking using spatio-chromatic complex Hadamard transform in sequency domain

Jabeen

Monir

Noor

et al. 2021

WJE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The matrix was formed from a Hadamard and then ordered dyadically to produce a Walsh matrix that had a small degree of sign changes. The use of Walsh-based transformations also has fast computing time [26], requires little space, and can be applied to cryptographic-based security models [27] such as combined with message digest algorithm [28] so that it can replace image scrambling algorithm. The matrix generation process will also be carried out once at the beginning of the process to reduce computational time.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fragile watermarking for image authentication using dyadic walsh ordering

Adi,

Wibowo,

Aryotejo

et al. 2023

Int. J. Adv. Intell. Informatics

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A digital image is subjected to the most manipulation. This is driven by the easy manipulating process through image editing software which is growing rapidly. These problems can be solved through the watermarking model as an active authentication system for the image. One of the most popular methods is Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) which has good imperceptibility and detection capabilities. Nevertheless, SVD has high complexity and can only utilize one singular matrix S, and ignore two orthogonal matrices. This paper proposes the use of the Walsh matrix with dyadic ordering to generate a new S matrix without the orthogonal matrices. The experimental results showed that the proposed method was able to reduce computational time by 22% and 13% compared to the SVD-based method and similar methods based on the Hadamard matrix respectively. This research can be used as a reference to speed up the computing time of the watermarking methods without compromising the level of imperceptibility and authentication.

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Image encryption using a standard map and a teaching-learning based optimization algorithm

Abedzadeh

Rostami

Shariatzadeh

2023

Multimed Tools Appl

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WITHDRAWN: Image Digest using Color Vector Angle and Dominant Walsh-Hadamard Transform Coefficients

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Color image watermarking using spatio-chromatic complex Hadamard transform in sequency domain

Color image watermarking using spatio-chromatic complex Hadamard transform in sequency domain

Fragile watermarking for image authentication using dyadic walsh ordering

Image encryption using a standard map and a teaching-learning based optimization algorithm

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