Withdrawn: Main Diagnostic Methods for COVID-19: Integrative Review

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 has reached more than 20 million people since its appearance in December 2019. As a result of the infection process by the Sars-CoV-2 virus, patients manifest initial symptoms easily mistaken for common flu. However, in a small group of the population, the condition may progress to pneumonia or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out an integrative review on laboratory and imaging diagnostics for COVID-19, in the period from 2019 to 2021. Method: Electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO, Virtual Library, LILACS, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect and the official website of the World Health Organization were used. Results: RT-qPCR identifies fragments of viral RNA in the initial stage of the disease since the genes E and RdRp are the most used, given the great sensitivity. Imaging and serological methods can be used as complementary exams. The main radiographic findings are reticular and ground-glass opacity patterns, reversed halo sign, mosaic attenuation, and consolidations. The antibody levels are detected after the seventh day of symptom onset. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when interpreting the results for the diagnosis of COVID-19, since the onset of clinical symptoms and laboratory and imaging tests must be taken into account.

Highly sensitive and rapid detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 via a portable CRISPR‐Cas13a‐based lateral flow assay

“…As the Omicron variant has resulted in a significant increase in transmissibility and produces more asymptomatic infections, 24 the molecular diagnosis of pathogens has proved to be a particularly useful method for identifying infected individuals. 5 Owing to its high sensitivity, our method would be helpful for early screening of infected individuals, even in samples with a low viral load.…”

“… 1 , 2 , 3 As the impact of the pandemic continues, efficient and accurate diagnosis of the pathogen is crucial for the rapid identification of infected patients and control of COVID‐19 transmission. 4 , 5 Common methods for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection mainly include lateral flow assay (LFA)‐based antigen detection and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR)‐based nucleic acid detection. 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 The SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen LFA detection method is simple and rapid, which has emerged as a tool widely used for SARS‐CoV‐2 field test or self‐test.…”

“…Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has caused the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic, leading to a huge loss of life 1–3 . As the impact of the pandemic continues, efficient and accurate diagnosis of the pathogen is crucial for the rapid identification of infected patients and control of COVID‐19 transmission 4,5 . Common methods for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection mainly include lateral flow assay (LFA)‐based antigen detection and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR)‐based nucleic acid detection 6–9 .…”