Within-Pedon Variability of Trace Metals in Southern Ontario

Wall, Geoffrey; Marsh, Mary

doi:10.4141/cjss88-005

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Drees and Wilding (1973) reported that variation from different parent materials increased from loess to till to outwash deposits. Well-drained soils showed reduced variation compared to that of imperfectly drained soils (Wall and Marsh, 1988), but Patterson and Wall (1982) did not find any effect of drainage.…”

Section: Within-horizon Variationmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Soils developed from till and shallow-water lacustrine sediments showed higher CV for clay and sand contents than for the soils developed from deep-water lacustrine sediments. Wall and Marsh (1988) found that the variation of Zn differed between shallow-and deep-water lacustrine sediments, with higher variation occurring in shallow-water lacustrine deposits. Drees and Wilding (1973) reported that variation from different parent materials increased from loess to till to outwash deposits.…”

Section: Within-horizon Variationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Higher sampling intensity often increases the estimation accuracy. Wall and Marsh (1988) found that greater sampling intensity resulted in smaller CVs. Vazhenin et al (1969) reported that more samples should be taken from the upper horizons than the lower horizons since they observed larger variation at the top of the soil profile (e.g., SOC content).…”

Section: Implications For Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Moisture content showed a larger variation than bulk density (Vazhenin et al, 1969). Wall and Marsh (1988) reported that within-pedon variability is low (CVs < 10%) for Sr, Co, and Li, intermediate (10% < CVs < 20%) for Ni, Mn, Pb, and Cr, and high (CVs > 20%) for Cu and Zn contents, and the variability of Cu, Sr, Co, Ni, Pb, and Li contents are not related to horizon type, drainage, or parent materials. The Fe content and magnetic susceptibility varied within-pedons from tropical regions (Curi et al, 2017;Ribeiro et al, 2017;Silva et al, 2018b).…”

Section: Within-horizon Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Soil horizon variation: A review

Hartemink

Zhang

Bockheim

et al. 2020

Advances in Agronomy

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Section: Within-horizon Variationmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Within-horizon Variationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Implications For Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Within-horizon Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil horizon variation: A review

Hartemink

Zhang

Bockheim

et al. 2020

Advances in Agronomy

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“…are higher) than those in underlying relatively unweathered C horizons (Griffith et al 1984;McKeague et al 1979;McKeague and Wolynetz 1980;Mills and Zwarich 1975;Soon and Abboud 1990;Wall and Marsh 1988;Whitby et al 1978). For example, Whitby and colleagues (1978) found that soils in horizons A, B, and C had respective mean nickel concentrations (and ranges) of 20.2 pglg (9.2-37.5 pglg), 34.7 pglg (12.5-67.2 pglg), and 25.3 pglg (10.8-50.0 pglg).…”

Section: Soil and Rockmentioning

confidence: 94%

Occurrence of nickel in the Canadian environment

Chau¹,

Kulikovsky-Cordeiro²

1995

Environ. Rev.

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Nickel is present in Canadian freshwater and terrestrial environments because of human activities including mining, smelting, refining, alloy processing, scrap metal reprocessing, other metal operations, fuel combustion, and waste incineration. Nickel can also enter the environment as a result of the natural weathering and leaching of rocks. Entry to the Canadian environment from anthropogenic activities results in measurable concentrations of nickel in various media to which organisms may be exposed. Although current anthropogenic rates of emission per tonne of nickel produced are less than 20 years ago, large quantities are still being emitted to the Canadian environment. Nickel is persistent in terrestrial and aquatic environments. While a large data base is available on concentrations of nickel in freshwater, sediment, soil, and terrestrial plants in Canada, relatively few data on concentrations in aquatic and terrestrial organisms are available. From data collected from 1981 to 1992, most unpolluted rivers and lakes in Canada contained between 0.1 and 10 pg nickel/L with the exception of the naturally elevated site of Smoking Hills, N.W.T. (which is at least three orders of magnitude greater), while industrial sites generally contained between 50 and 2000 pg nickel/L. Nickel levels in sediment collected from 1983 to 1992 from polluted sites such as the Welland River, some Sudbury lakes, and Hamilton and Toronto Harbours ranged between 20 and 5000 pg/g dry weight, while natural or background levels in the Niagara River, Lake Erie, Lake Superior, and Lake Huron were a full two orders of magnitude lower. With respect to drinking water sampled from 1984 to 1991, the trend has been a slight decrease in nickel levels with time but with a greater range emerging, which could be due to more sensitive detection equipment installed in 1986 (minima dropped from 1.0 pg/L to an order of magnitude lower). From data collected from 1984 to 199 1 , the more urbanization and industrialization associated with the city, the higher the means and medians of nickel levels in air. For example, Halifax, Montrkal, Quebec, Windsor, Hamilton, and Toronto had greater air nickel levels than Ottawa, Winnipeg, and Edmonton. This trend was also confirmed with the subgroup of data collected from 1987 to 1990. Sudbury was by far the site with the greatest nickel concentrations (average 124 ng/m3). Furthermore, nickel accumulation in wildlife varied with species. For example, mice seemed to accumulate more nickel in their organs than did rats and other larger rodents, while beavers and minks, on average, accumulated more nickel in their livers than did birds in similar sites near Sudbury. Similar trends have been found in Canadian soil pore water, flora, and soil.Rksumk : On retrouve du nickel dans les eaux douces et les environnements terrestres du Canada, suite aux activitks humaines likes au minage, a la fusion, au raffinage, au processus d'alliage, au recyclage des ferrailles, a d'autres travaux des mktaux, a la combustion du mazout, et ii ...

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Spatial variability of trace metals in Podzols of northern forest ecosystems: Sampling implications

MacDonald¹,

Hendershot²

2003

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2003. Spatial variability of trace metals in Podzols of nothern forest ecosystems: Sampling implications. Can. J. Soil Sci. 83: 581-587. The concentrations of metals in soils are spatially heterogeneous and soil sampling carried out when studying metals in forest ecosystems is often inadequate. We examined the spatial variability of Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in northern forest ecosystems on a transect with distance from two point source emitters with the goal of providing basic information about the distribution and variability of metals in these soils. Samples were taken under six sampling points at four depths from three experimental sites on each of the two transects. Soils were analysed for acid digestible metals, pH and organic carbon content. Standard deviation, coefficients of variation, mean and medians were analysed for each horizon of each site. It was observed that Cu and Mn variability is higher in closer proximity to the point source while the variability of Zn increased with decreasing soil pH. In Sudbury, emitted metals Ni and Cu accumulate together in soils, whereas in Rouyn-Noranda, with the exception of Cd and Zn, metal concentrations were not related in forest floors. Observations suggest that physical factors influencing where metals are deposited as well as the inherent variability in soil chemical characteristics, and the distance from the point source can all act together to result in high variability in soil metal concentrations in a single forest site. Sampling in the interest of relating vegetation metal concentrations or response to soil metals should be carried out on an individual plant basis with multiple samples taken for each individual. Soil samples taken at intervals of 1 to 1.7 m will provide relative error in estimating soil concentrations of 10% or 20%, respectively. Nous avons examiné la variabilité spatiale du Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb et Zn dans les écosystèmes des forêts nordiques à des distances croissantes à partir de deux sources distinctes dans le but de fournir de l'information de base sur la distribution et la variabilité des métaux dans ces sols. Des échantillons ont été pris en six points d'échantillonnage à quatre profondeurs différentes dans chacun de trois sites expérimentaux sur les deux sections transversales. Les sols ont été analysés pour leur contenu en métal par digestion acide, leur pH et leur concentration en matière organique. Pour chaque paramètre, l'écart type, le coefficient de variation, la moyenne et la médiane ont été estimés dans chaque horizon de chaque point de l'échantillonnage. Nous avons observé que la variabilité de Cu et de Mn est plus haute dans une proximité plus étroite de la source d'émission tandis que la variabilité du Zn augmentait avec une diminution du pH du sol. À Sudbury, les émissions des métaux Ni et Cu s'accumulent ensemble dans les sols, tandis qu'à Rouyn-Noranda, cette tendance n'est pas observée dans la couche organique du sol forestier, sauf dans le cas du Cd et du Zn. Les observations suggèrent que les facteurs physiques qui...

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Within-Pedon Variability of Trace Metals in Southern Ontario

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Soil horizon variation: A review

Soil horizon variation: A review

Occurrence of nickel in the Canadian environment

Spatial variability of trace metals in Podzols of northern forest ecosystems: Sampling implications

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