Within subject heterogeneity in tissue-level post-yield mechanical and material properties in human trabecular bone

Carretta, Roberto; Stüssi, Edgar; Müller, Ralph; Lorenzetti, Silvio

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.04.014

Cited by 40 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…These values fall within the range reported for a single 152 trabecula under dry conditions (2-16 GPa; Yamada et al, 2014;Carretta et al, 2013bCarretta et al, , 153 2013cBusse et al, 2009;Bini et al, 2002;Rho et al, 1993) …”

supporting

confidence: 82%

“…Tensile tests were performed on a single trabecula in previous studies (Yamada 55 et al, 2014;Carretta et al, 2013bCarretta et al, , 2013cMcNamara et al, 2006;Hernandez et al, 2005;56 Bini et al, 2002;Rho et al, 1993). Although tensile tests present some advantages, it is 57 difficult to completely isolate, fix, and examine small bone specimens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently 58 examined trabecular specimens (at least 3 mm in length) by tensile testing; however, the 59 specimens were larger than the standard size and existed in the edges of the cancellous 60 bone (Yamada et al, 2014). Three-point bending tests (Carretta et al, 2013b(Carretta et al, , 2013c6 77 was removed by brief water jetting (Fig. 2b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micro-cantilever bending for elastic modulus measurements of a single trabecula in cancellous bone

Yamada

Tadano

Fukasawa

2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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Mechanical tests performed on small bone specimens such a single trabecula remain challenging because their isolation, fixation, and precise loading are complicated. Hence, we describe a novel experimental method to measure the elastic properties of a single trabecula using micro-cantilever bending (MCB) testing. The method does not require specimens to be completely separated from the cancellous bone, and the specimen can be easily fixed during the test. In total, 10 trabecular specimens taken from the proximal epiphysis of an adult bovine femur were used in the present study. Measurements were conducted using a small testing device comprising a 1-axial stage, load cell, optical microscope, and small plate with a taper bore for applying load at the edge of the specimen. Each specimen was positioned at the edge of the bore and was deformed by displacing the stage. The deflection of the specimen was observed by optical microscopy. The elastic modulus of the specimen was calculated on the basis of the force-deflection relationship, assuming that the shape of the specimen was a vertical circular cylinder. As a result, an average elastic modulus of 9.1 +/- 5.4 GPa was obtained for a single trabecula, including the values in literature. Thus, the MCB test is a novel simple method for biomechanical analysis of a single trabecula

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confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micro-cantilever bending for elastic modulus measurements of a single trabecula in cancellous bone

Yamada

Tadano

Fukasawa

2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…In the literature, the elastic modulus of a single trabecula varied in the range of 2-16 GPa under a dry condition (Carretta et al, 2013b(Carretta et al, , 2013cBusse et al, 2009;Bini et al, 2002;Rho et al, 1993) and in the range of 1-17 GPa under a wet condition (Lorenzetti et al, 2011;Szabó et al, 2011;Jungmann et al, 2011;McNamara et al, 2006), including different species, ages, locations, size, and mechanical tests. In particular, Carretta et al, (2013c), using tensile tests, indicated that the elastic modulus of dried trabeculae of bovine femurs was 11.8 GPa, and Szabó et al (2011), using bending tests, indicated that the elastic modulus of wet specimens of bovine femurs varied from 1.1 to 16.5 GPa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tensile tests (Carretta et al, 2013b(Carretta et al, , 2013cMcNamara et al, 2006;Hernandez et al, 2005;Bini et al, 2002;Rho et al, 1993) and bending tests (Carretta et al, 2013b(Carretta et al, , 2013cHambli and Thurner, 2013;Lorenzetti et al, 2011;Szabó et al, 2011;Jungmann et al, 2011;Busse et al, 2009;Choi and Goldstein, 1992) of a single trabecula were conducted and some studies compared with finite element models (Carretta et al, 2013b(Carretta et al, , 2013cMcNamara et al, 2006;Hambli and Thurner, 2013;Lorenzetti et al, 2011;Jungmann et al, 2011) to investigate the elastic and post-yield 6/44 mechanical properties. Nanoindentation tests were also conducted to obtain the elastic modulus and hardness (Tjhia et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2010;Wolfram et al, 2010;Brennan et al, 2009;Rho et al, 1999); however, the measured values did not necessarily correspond to those obtained in the testing of the whole trabecula.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructure and elastic modulus of single trabecula in bovine cancellous bone

Yamada

Tadano

Fukuda

2014

Journal of Biomechanics

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We aimed to investigate the elastic modulus of trabeculae using tensile tests and assess the effects of nanostructure at the hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystal scale on the elastic modulus. In the experiments, 18 trabeculae that were at least 3 mm in length in the proximal epiphysis of three adult bovine femurs were used. Tensile tests were conducted using a small tensile testing device coupled with microscopy under air-dried condition. The c-axis orientation of HAp crystals and the degree of orientation were measured by X-ray diffraction. To observe the deformation behavior of HAp crystals under tensile loading, the same tensile tests were conducted in X-ray diffraction measurements. The mineral content of specimens was evaluated using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The elastic modulus of a single trabecula varied from 4.5 to 23.6 GPa, and the average was 11.5 ± 5.0 GPa. The c-axis of HAp crystals was aligned with the trabecular axis and the crystals were lineally deformed under tensile loading. The ratio of the HAp crystal strain to the tissue strain (strain ratio) had a significant correlation with the elastic modulus (r = 0.79; P < 0.001). However, the mineral content and the degree of orientation did not vary widely and did not correlate with the elastic modulus in this study. It suggests that the strain ratio may represent the nanostructure of 3/44 a single trabecula and would determine the elastic modulus as well as mineral content and orientation. (236 words)

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