WNT1/ROR2 pathway enhances the Triple‐Negative breast cancer invasion, migration, and Epithelial‐Mesenchymal transition

Abstract

It has been evidenced that ROR2 influences the growth of many tumors, including non‐small cell lung cancer, osteosarcoma, and breast cancer. This research examined the effect of the WNT1/ROR2 signaling pathway on the progression of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Bioinformatics analysis results demonstrated that ROR2 had a higher messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level in TNBC tissues and was positively correlated with poor patient prognosis. Western blot analysis (WB) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that TNBC cells had relatively higher ROR2 mRNA and protein levels than normal cell lines. Transwell and Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay further proved that downregulating ROR2 expression dramatically slowed the MDA‐MB‐231 cell progression. WB detection of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related proteins suggested that knocking down ROR2 could alleviate the EMT tendency of cancer cells. The WNT1/ROR2 signaling pathway could be inhibited by the WNT inhibitor pyrvinium pamoate (PP). Experiments on in vitro cell functional recovery have demonstrated that PP could restore malignant phenotypes caused by ROR2 overexpression. Finally, the mouse model experiments further validated the anticancer effect of PP on TNBC. Generally speaking, the malignant progression of TNBC could be stimulated by the WNT1/ROR2 signaling pathway which can be inhibited by PP, suggesting the potential value of PP in controlling TNBC.