“…Outgrowth of the PrE is dictated by time-specific and cell-specific expression of morphogenetic genes (Prins and Putz, 2008;Thomson and Marker, 2006), including secreted signaling ligands of the hedgehog (Berman et al, 2004;Doles et al, 2006;Freestone et al, 2003;Lamm et al, 2002;Podlasek et al, 1999;Pu et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2003), Wnt (Allgeier et al, 2008;Huang et al, 2009;Joesting et al, 2008;Keil et al, 2012), FGF (Alarid et al, 1994;Donjacour et al, 2003;Sugimura et al, 1996;Thomson and Cunha, 1999) and TGFβ (Cancilla et al, 2001;Cook et al, 2007;Grishina et al, 2005;Itoh et al, 1998;Lamm et al, 2001;Tanji et al, 1994;Tomlinson et al, 2004) gene super-families. These morphogens are thought to communicate autocrine and paracrine signals through their cognate receptors and downstream signaling pathways.…”