Work from Home Before and After the COVID-19 Outbreak

Bick, Alexander; Blandin, Adam; Mertens, Karel

doi:10.20955/wp.2022.008

Cited by 75 publications

(93 citation statements)

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“…The review identified a need for policies to be implemented around work–home boundary management, role clarification, clear performance indicators, appropriate technical support, facilitation of coworker networking and training for managers. There appears to be a high likelihood that WFH will remain a central aspect of future working conditions well beyond the current COVID-19 pandemic 13 ; as such, the overarching objective of the Employees Working from Home (EWFH) study was to explore the relationships between a broad range of workplace characteristics and the impact on employees’ health and well-being.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working from home in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional results from the Employees Working From Home (EWFH) study

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesTo investigate the impacts, on mental and physical health, of a mandatory shift to working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignCross sectional, online survey.SettingOnline survey was conducted from September 2020 to November 2020 in the general population.ParticipantsAustralian residents working from home for at least 2 days a week at some time in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.Main outcome measuresDemographics, caring responsibilities, working from home arrangements, work-related technology, work–family interface, psychosocial and physical working conditions, and reported stress and musculoskeletal pain.Results924 Australians responded to the online questionnaire. Respondents were mostly women (75.5%) based in Victoria (83.7%) and employed in the education and training and healthcare sectors. Approximately 70% of respondents worked five or more days from home, with only 60% having a dedicated workstation in an uninterrupted space. Over 70% of all respondents reported experiencing musculoskeletal pain or discomfort. Gendered differences were observed; men reported higher levels of family to work conflict (3.16±1.52 to 2.94±1.59, p=0.031), and lower levels of recognition for their work (3.75±1.03 to 3.96±1.06, p=0.004), compared with women. For women, stress (2.94±0.92 to 2.66±0.88, p<0.001) and neck/shoulder pain (4.50±2.90 to 3.51±2.84, p<0.001) were higher than men and they also reported more concerns about their job security than men (3.01±1.33 to 2.78±1.40, p=0.043).ConclusionsPreliminary evidence from the current study suggests that working from home may impact employees’ physical and mental health, and that this impact is likely to be gendered. Although further analysis is required, these data provide insights into further research opportunities needed to assist employers in optimising working from home conditions and reduce the potential negative physical and mental health impacts on their employees.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working from home in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional results from the Employees Working From Home (EWFH) study

et al. 2022

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“…However, for a specific group of German employees—those in private companies with more than 50 employees who use digital information and communication technology in their work—Frodermann et al [ 47 ] find a higher share of the transition to telework among female employees than male. Likewise, Bick et al [ 19 ] and Reichelt et al [ 44 ] identify a larger rise in working from home among women than men in the United States, indicating the potentially crucial role of the structure of the labor market. However, a systematic assessment of how the pandemic reveals the feasibility for WFH considering the role of occupational traits, family responsibilities, and personal characteristics for men and women has yet to be performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The significance of occupations, family responsibilities, and gender for working from home: Lessons from COVID-19

2022

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Before the pandemic, many employers were hesitant to offer their employees the option of working from home. However, remote working has been widely adopted during the pandemic as one of the key methods of controlling the spread of the virus. The measure encountered a widespread acceptance and it is likely that the demand for work from home as a flexible work arrangement will persist also after the pandemic has ended. Although numerous studies have addressed the role of remote work during this crisis, as of yet we lack thorough research jointly addressing the question on how occupations/job characteristics on the one hand and family/household responsibilities on the other are associated with the propensity of working from home, and how gender cuts across those aspects. Using the COVID-19 survey of the German Family Panel (pairfam), covering the peak of the first wave of the pandemic in 2020, together with information from pairfam panel waves conducted before the pandemic, as well as a special evaluation of the 2019 German Labor Force Survey, we are able to address this gap. Employing linear probability models on a sample of 1,414 men (N = 641) and women (N = 773), our results show that occupational traits, especially the gender composition of an occupation, are an important predictor for working from home. Women employed in female-dominated occupations are less often in a position to work from home. Furthermore, our study confirms that it is particularly the highly educated, as well as those who work in high-prestige occupations, who are able to work from home. Family configurations and care obligations are less influential upon the transition to homeworking, even in times of an unprecedented situation of school and daycare closures and increased parental responsibilities for children’s (early) education.

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“…• Tactile Internet enables users in the Metaverse to transmit haptic and kinesthetic information from the user back to the user over the network with a roundtrip delay of approximately 1ms [36]. For example, Meta's haptic glove project 5 aims to provide a viable…”

Section: A Definition and Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two fundamental driving forces behind the excitement surrounding the Metaverse. First, the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a paradigm shift in how work, entertainment, and socializing are experienced today [5]- [7]. As more users grow accustomed to carrying out these conventionally physical activities in the virtual domain, the Metaverse has been positioned as a necessity in the near future.…”

Section: Introduction a Birth Of The Metaversementioning

confidence: 99%

A Full Dive into Realizing the Edge-enabled Metaverse: Visions, Enabling Technologies,and Challenges

Xu¹,

Ng²,

Lim³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Dubbed "the successor to the mobile Internet", the concept of the Metaverse has grown in popularity. While there exist lite versions of the Metaverse today, they are still far from realizing the full vision of an immersive, embodied, and interoperable Metaverse. Without addressing the issues of implementation from the communication and networking, as well as computation perspectives, the Metaverse is difficult to succeed the Internet, especially in terms of its accessibility to billions of users today. In this survey, we focus on the edge-enabled Metaverse to realize its ultimate vision. We first provide readers with a succinct tutorial of the Metaverse, an introduction to the architecture, as well as current developments. To enable the ubiquitous, seamless, and embodied access to the Metaverse, we discuss the communication and networking challenges and survey cutting-edge solutions and concepts that leverage next-generation communication systems for users to be telepresent and teleoperate in the Metaverse. Moreover, given the high computation costs required, e.g., to render immersive 3D worlds and run data hungry artificial intelligence (AI) driven applications, we discuss the computation challenges and cloud-edge-end computation framework driven solutions to realize the Metaverse on resource-constrained edge devices. Next, we explore how blockchain technologies can aid in the interoperable development of the Metaverse, not just in terms of empowering the economic circulation of virtual usergenerated contents, but also to manage physical edge resources in a decentralized, transparent, and tamper-proof manner. Finally, we discuss the future research directions towards realizing the true vision of the edge-enabled Metaverse.

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Work from Home Before and After the COVID-19 Outbreak

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Working from home in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional results from the Employees Working From Home (EWFH) study

Working from home in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional results from the Employees Working From Home (EWFH) study

The significance of occupations, family responsibilities, and gender for working from home: Lessons from COVID-19

A Full Dive into Realizing the Edge-enabled Metaverse: Visions, Enabling Technologies,and Challenges

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