“…We draw upon the existing literature on subjective well-being and productivity to select the control variables (e.g. Devoto et al , 2012; Frijters and Beatton, 2012; Gul and Pesendorfer, 2007; Isham et al , 2021; Kollamparambil, 2020; Liu et al , 2020; Narayanan, 2016; Zhou et al , 2020). Specially, we include age, gender, education, off-farm work, cadre, household size, farm size, land certification, machinery, subsidy, access to credit, car ownership and location dummies as the control variables.…”