Workplace performance of a loose-fitting powered air purifying respirator during nanoparticle synthesis

Koivisto, Antti Joonas; Aromaa, Mikko; Koponen, Ismo K.; Fransman, Wouter; Jensen, Keld Alstrup; Mäkelä, Jyrki M.; Hämeri, Kaarle

doi:10.1007/s11051-015-2990-9

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Once the nanoparticle aerosol has been generated, both large scale industrial filters and smaller scale personal gas mask filters could be considered. In two recent studies (Koivisto et al, 2012;Koivisto et al, 2015), a potential inhalation dose and performance of a loose fitting respiratory filter were evaluated using particle size distribution and concentration data obtained from a LFS generated aerosol in a test room.…”

Section: Test Aerosol Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Flame Spray—A Hydrogen-Oxygen Flame Based Method for Nanoparticle Synthesis and Functional Nanocoatings

Mäkelä¹,

Haapanen²,

Harra³

et al. 2017

KONA

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In this review article, a specific flame spray pyrolysis method, Liquid Flame Spray (LFS), is introduced to produce nanoparticles using a coflow type hydrogen-oxygen flame utilizing pneumatically sprayed liquid precursor. This method has been widely used in several applications due to its characteristic features, from producing nanopowders and nanostructured functional coatings to colouring of art glass and generating test aerosols. These special characteristics will be described via the example applications where the LFS has been applied in the past 20 years.

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Section: Test Aerosol Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Flame Spray—A Hydrogen-Oxygen Flame Based Method for Nanoparticle Synthesis and Functional Nanocoatings

Mäkelä¹,

Haapanen²,

Harra³

et al. 2017

KONA

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“…In the extracted papers, filtering facepiece respirators (FFR) or elastomeric half masks with particulate filters (EHR) were studied, and there was one paper on a loose-fitting powered air purifying respirator in the field use handling of MNMs [34]. The classes of the particulate respirators of the FFRs and EHRs in the papers were N95, N99, N100 and P100 certified by US NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, USA) (84 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) 11 [48]), or P2, P3, FFP2 and FFP3 according to the European standard EN143 [49] and EN149 [50].…”

Section: Performance Of Respirators For Nanoparticle Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cloth masks are useless in protecting workers handling nanomaterials. There was one paper on a loose-fitting powered air purifying respirator in which the PFs were measured in 3 human subjects [34], where the values of PFs were over 1.1 million, but those were not included in Fig. 4 because it was an outlier.…”

Section: Performance Of Respirators For Nanoparticle Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Specific Risk Mitigation Techniques Used in the Production and Handling of Manufactured Nanomaterials: A Systematic Review

Myojo

Nagata

Verbeek

2017

J UOEH

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: Many kinds of manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) have been developed and used as basic materials of industrial products, and they may pose health risks for workers in not only developed countries but also in developing countries. Few studies have looked at the evidence for effects of controls that mitigate the risk of exposure to MNMs. Therefore, we systematically searched the literature from the year 2000 to 2015. We included studies that compared the use of an exposure control to the situation without such a technique and those that measured the exposure to MNMs as the outcome. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of these controls, we used their "protection factor", defined as the ratio between concentrations without and with the control. We located 1,131 references in PubMed and other lists, and out of these references, 41 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. We categorized them as engineering controls such as enclosure, local exhaust ventilation or process automation, and as personal protective equipment (PPE). For enclosure systems we found a protection factor beyond 100. For other engineering controls, the better controls scored 10 to 20, but many cases of local exhaust ventilation had a protection factor of less than 10 and some cases even increased exposure. PPE such as N95 or equivalent filtering respirators had a protection factor of approximately 10 tested with nano-sized aerosols. We conclude that there is low quality evidence that specific engineering controls can reduce exposure to MNMs but that enclosure is considerably more effective. For respiratory protection the evidence is of very low quality due to the lack of field studies. This information can be used to decide about controls when exposure to MNMs exceeds proposed occupational exposure limits or when no toxicological information is available for a MNM.

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“…The 'source' compartment of the conceptual model consists of two principal modifying factors: substance emission potential (characteristics of the material) and activity emission potential (emission potential of a material during a particular usage). There are numerous peer reviewed papers describing the results of studies in occupational and experimental settings looking at the potential of release and concentration levels during handling of NOAA or NOAA-containing products (Methner, 2008;Jensen et al, 2009;Tsai, 2010;Rengasamy, 2011;Burdett et al, 2013;Rengasamy, 2013;Tsai, 2013;Bouillard et al, 2014;Rengasamy, 2015;Koivisto, 2015;Levin et al, 2015;Ding and Riediker, 2015). However, only a few studies have looked at the effect of determinants influencing the emission potential by using laboratory bench tests, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Determinants of Emission Potentially Affecting the Concentration of Airborne Nano-Objects and Their Agglomerates and Aggregates

Bekker

Fransman²,

Boessen³

et al. 2017

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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Workplace performance of a loose-fitting powered air purifying respirator during nanoparticle synthesis

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Liquid Flame Spray—A Hydrogen-Oxygen Flame Based Method for Nanoparticle Synthesis and Functional Nanocoatings

Liquid Flame Spray—A Hydrogen-Oxygen Flame Based Method for Nanoparticle Synthesis and Functional Nanocoatings

The Effectiveness of Specific Risk Mitigation Techniques Used in the Production and Handling of Manufactured Nanomaterials: A Systematic Review

Assessment of Determinants of Emission Potentially Affecting the Concentration of Airborne Nano-Objects and Their Agglomerates and Aggregates

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