Workplace violence in healthcare settings: The risk factors, implications and collaborative preventive measures

Lim, Mei Ching; Jeffree, Mohammad Saffree; Saupin, Sahipudin; Giloi, Nelbon; Lukman, Khamisah Awang

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103727

Cited by 73 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Verbal violence was the primary form of violence towards ED nurses, usually committed by individuals in a normal state of consciousness, whereas physical violence more commonly involved individuals with psychiatric disorders, intellectual disabilities, or under the influence of drugs or alcohol (Ferri et al, 2016). Interestingly, study participants overlooked verbal violence and considered violence as an unfortunate aspect of their job, perceiving it as a matter of luck and expecting little accountability for perpetrators (Lim et al, 2022). This perspective contributes to the underreporting and underestimation of violence against ED nurses, impeding the implementation of preventive measures and creating an environment conducive to more severe violence, jeopardizing the safety of both nurses and patients (Doucette et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence against nurses by patients and visitors in the emergency department: An integrative review

Hou,

Corbally,

Timmins

2023

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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AimThis integrative review explored violence against emergency nurses by patients/visitors, examining its nature, contributing factors and consequences.DesignIntegrative review.Data SourcesArticles were obtained from PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science and PsycInfo databases, up until December 2021.Review Methods26 articles were reviewed, evaluating study quality with the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool and synthesizing conclusions through theme development and coding.ResultsThis review delves into the issue of violence perpetrated against emergency nurses by patients and visitors. It elucidates three overarching themes: the nature of violence, the contributing factors and the consequences of such acts.ConclusionThe findings inform healthcare policy for the development of prevention approaches while identifying research gaps and emphasizing the need for alternative study designs and methodologies.ImpactThis review has implications for nursing practice, policymaking and research, emphasizing the need for stakeholder engagement and tailored interventions for at‐risk emergency nurses.No Patient or Public ContributionThis project was an integrative review of the literature therefore no patient or public contribution was necessary.What Already is KnownViolence by patients and visitors in healthcare settings, especially in emergency departments, has garnered considerable attention.What this Paper AddsThis review specifically examines violence‐targeting emergency department nurses from patients and visitors, assessing its characteristics, contributing factors and consequences.Implications for Practice/PolicyThe findings will guide stakeholder engagement in developing interventions to support vulnerable emergency nurses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence against nurses by patients and visitors in the emergency department: An integrative review

Hou,

Corbally,

Timmins

2023

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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“…While physicians and nurses participating in the present study reported a lack of resources as the most important risk factor for violence at EDs, whereas patients and their families reported improper manner of communication by healthcare providers as the most important factor relating to WPV. Risk factors for WPV may be related to the assaulted healthcare workers, the perpetrators, and the environment [ 32 ]. However, the media and government in Egypt typically blame doctors for all defects and shortages in health care system and reframe them in a negative image which in turn exposes them to aggression and increases the incidence of WPV at hospitals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace violence at emergency departments, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt

Assil

Salem

Mokhtar

et al. 2022

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and forms of workplace violence (WPV) at the emergency departments (EDs) of Ain Shams University Hospitals (ASUH), Cairo and identify risk factors for WPV. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the EDs of ASUH comprising attending physicians and nurses using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Interviews were conducted with patients and relatives attending these departments to explore attitudes toward WPV against healthcare workers. Results The present study comprised 108 healthcare professionals working in EDs. Verbal violence was the most common type of WPV (86.1%), followed by sexual (48.1%) and physical violence (34.3%). Patient relatives were the most common perpetrator of all types of violence. A lack of facilities was the most common risk factor for violence (82.4%), followed by overcrowding (50.9%) and patient culture (47.2%). On the other hand, approximately 78% of interviewed patients and relatives agreed that the occurrence of violence at EDs was due to several triggering factors, including improper manner of communication by healthcare workers (63.2%), lack of facilities (32.4%), waiting time (22.1%), and unmet expectations (22.1%). Conclusion WPV represents a significant issue in EDs with violent behavior against healthcare workers widely accepted by attending patients.

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“…WPV to the HCWs has an impact on their psychological state and work performance and results in demotivation, poor job satisfaction, and early physician burnout [14][15][16]. Furthermore, it has been linked to a higher risk of suffering post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression [17,18]. This unfortunate incident also extends to influence career choices and decisions among medical students [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace violence against healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Sudan: A cross‐sectional study

Elhadi

Mohamed

Ahmed

et al. 2022

Public Health Challenges

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Background: Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCWs) is a growing global issue. During the coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, violent attacks on HCWs have been documented worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the magnitude and pattern of WPV among HCWs in Sudan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study of WPV was conducted among registered medical and health workers (pharmacists, physicians, dentists, nurses, laboratory technicians, and administrative and paramedical staff) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan. Data were collected from August to December 2021 using a self-administered questionnaire distributed through social media platforms. Results: A total of 792 HCWs returned the online questionnaire. The mean age was 33.5 ± 8.6 years, where more than half were females (54.9%) and working during the day shift (58.8%). During the COVID-19 pandemic, three out of every four participants (78.3%) reported experiencing violence, with 65.8 % experiencing it more than three times. The common types of violence experienced were verbal (91.6%), physical (50.0%), and sexual abuse (11.0%). The emergency department reported the highest number of violent incidents (46.9%). Half of these violent events were not reported (50.3%), primarily due to a lack of a reporting system. The demographic factors that were significantly associated with exposure to violence were participants' occupation (p < 0.001), age (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.002), and years of working experience (p = 0.020). Conclusion: WPV was rampant among the HCWs in Sudan during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current findings are presented to draw the attention of policy leaders and stakeholders in Sudan to this alarming problem prompting the pressing need for policy and system interventions.

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Workplace violence in healthcare settings: The risk factors, implications and collaborative preventive measures

Cited by 73 publications

References 21 publications

Violence against nurses by patients and visitors in the emergency department: An integrative review

Violence against nurses by patients and visitors in the emergency department: An integrative review

Workplace violence at emergency departments, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt

Workplace violence against healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Sudan: A cross‐sectional study

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