World-class manufacturing by Fiat. Comparison with Toyota Production System from a Strategic Management, Management Accounting, Operations Management and Performance Measurement dimension

Knowledge Management and World Class Manufacturing: an initial approach based on a literature review

“…An analysis of the evolution of the use of the term "World Class Eliminating duplicates and considering only articles with the term "World Class Manufacturing" in their titles, Table 2 presents the relationship between academic researches and the model that has been widely used in the Industry: The analysis of the selected works shows that within the WCM approach there is still too much focus on broad conceptual aspects and basic methods and tools, such as Total Quality Process (TQP), Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and Just-in-Time (JIT), originated from the Toyota Production System, often not making clear the distinctions between WCM and Lean Manufacturing, since both have the TPS as the main reference (HAYES; WHEELWRIGHT, 1984;SCHONBERGER, 1986;SANGWAN, 2011;MUTHUKUMAR et al, 2014;CHIARINI;VAGNONI, 2015).…”

“…The continuous and simultaneous improvement of production processes and management methods are also pointed out by Gajdzik (2013b) as key factors for the success of a company in the market, because the competitive advantage is a consequence of low cost and high efficiency. Chiarini and Vagnoni (2015) report that techniques such as the Toyota Production System (TPS), Just-in-time (JIT), Total Quality Control (TQC) and Lean Manufacturing have been implemented by many companies, leading them to reinvent their strategic management, accounting management system, performance measurement system and operations management. Digalwar and Sangwan (2011) emphasize that in the last two decades the world witnessed the emergence of effective forces aimed at reforming economic and organizational communities.…”

“…In order to develop this new model of excellence, some companies around the world have met in the WCM Association, among them the Ariston Group, Elica, Embraco, Fiat Industrial, Fiat Spa & Chrysler, Royal Mail, System Polónia, Unilever and Volvo Powertrain (CHIARINI;VAGNONI, 2015). From this point on, the WCM acronym has been used as a reference to this new model developed in the 2000s by the WCM Association.…”

“…The WCM originates from techniques and production tools that aim to reduce waste, increase quality and production, and improve logistics flow, among other benefits. Many of these techniques originated in the Toyota Production System (TPS) (HAYES; WHEELWRIGHT, 1984;SCHONBERGER, 1986;SANGWAN, 2011;MUTHUKUMAR et al, 2014;CHIARINI;VAGNONI, 2015).…”

“…In the 2000s, WCM was reinvented from the incorporation of Total Quality Control (TQC) concepts into TPS methods and tools in a "step-bystep" approach adapted to the Western culture (CHIARINI; VAGNONI, 2015). Considering that organizational culture is a determining factor for the operation of a production system such as TPS, the model created from the integration of TQC presents a structure initially adapted to European companies that allows the implantation of the necessary organizational culture where it eventually does not yet exist (OVERVIEW WCM, 2014).…”