Worldwide standards on exposure to electromagnetic fields: an overview

Grandolfo, M.

doi:10.1007/s10669-009-9226-4

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…At the moment, the most important concern is the contradictory information about mobile telephony base station antennas and their declared effects on human health [3,4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Technical Approach to the Evaluation of Radiofrequency Radiation Emissions from Mobile Telephony Base Stations

Buckus

Strukčinskienė

Raistenskis

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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During the last two decades, the number of macrocell mobile telephony base station antennas emitting radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in residential areas has increased significantly, and therefore much more attention is being paid to RF EMR and its effects on human health. Scientific field measurements of public exposure to RF EMR (specifically to radio frequency radiation) from macrocell mobile telephony base station antennas and RF electromagnetic field (EMF) intensity parameters in the environment are discussed in this article. The research methodology is applied according to the requirements of safety norms and Lithuanian Standards in English (LST EN). The article presents and analyses RF EMFs generated by mobile telephony base station antennas in areas accessible to the general public. Measurements of the RF electric field strength and RF EMF power density were conducted in the near- and far-fields of the mobile telephony base station antenna. Broadband and frequency-selective measurements were performed outside (on the roof and on the ground) and in a residential area. The tests performed on the roof in front of the mobile telephony base station antennas in the near-field revealed the presence of a dynamic energy interaction within the antenna electric field, which changes rapidly with distance. The RF EMF power density values on the ground at distances of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 m from the base station are very low and are scattered within intervals of 0.002 to 0.05 μW/cm2. The results were compared with international exposure guidelines (ICNIRP).

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“…At the moment, the most important concern is the contradictory information about mobile telephony base station antennas and their declared effects on human health [3,4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Technical Approach to the Evaluation of Radiofrequency Radiation Emissions from Mobile Telephony Base Stations

Buckus

Strukčinskienė

Raistenskis

et al. 2017

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For those who are interested in the standards on exposure to electromagnetic fields, I would recommend the papers of Markov (2000) and Grandolfo (2009). While the first paper relates to measurements in radiofrequency range, the paper of Grandolfo reviews the worldwide standards and guidelines.…”

Section: Chernobyl and Fukushimamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of physical factors on the society and environment

Markov

2012

Environmentalist

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In 1988 I published a paper ''Electromagnetic fields-a new ecological factor'' (Markov 1988). There was no internet and very few cell phones were available. It was not even fear from the hazard of the power lines. However, I want to cite the beginning of this paper: ''The contemporary conditions of life put man in dependence of the complex of physical influences on the environment and in the first place-of the electromagnetic fields. The rapid development of science and technology has resulted in the introduction of many new devices and technologies in industry, agriculture, and everyday life. On the other hand, during their phylogenetic and ontogenic development, the living organisms are continuously exposed to the influence of different biotic and abiotic factors. The physical factors are included in the first group, and the entire evolution of life is connected with an adaptation to the action of these factors.'' Could I repeat this statement nearly a quarter of century later? Sure, I will. The only difference would be that I will speak not only for electromagnetic fields, but for green-house effects, global warming, volcano eruption, and radiation disasters. I would also discuss the noise and vibration to which people are exposed from early days to the very end of their life traveling with private vehicles or public transport.

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“…The ELF-EMF potential effects on organisms have become a subject to many extensive studies (Furse et al 2008;Grandolfo 2009;Waite et al 2011). Although the data from these studies have shown different results, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that environmental ELF-EMFs are harmless to human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Pigment Content of Banana and Orchid Tissue Culture Exposed to Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fiel

Prihatini¹,

Saleh²

2017

Indones. J. Agric. Sci.

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Natural exposure of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) occurs in the environment and acts as one of the abiotic factors that affect the growth and development of organisms. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ELF-EMF on the tissue cultured banana and slipper orchid chlorophyll content as one of the indicators in measuring plant photosynthetic capacity. Four days old banana (Musa sp. cv. Berangan) corm and seven days old slipper orchid (Paphiopedilum rothschildianum) cultures were exposed to 6 and 12 mT ELF-EMF generated by controllable ELF-EMF built up machine for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours. After exposure, the banana and orchid cultures were incubated at 25° C for 8 and 16 weeks, respectively. The results showed that the ELF-EMF exposure had different effects on banana and slipper orchid cultures though both plant species belong to monocotyledon. The highest increase in chlorophyll content on banana was resulted by the high intensity and long duration of ELF-EMF exposure (12 mT for 4 hours), whereas on slipper orchid the modest and short duration of ELF-EMF exposure produced the most excessive chlorophyll content. Different ELF-EMF exposures (12 mT for 4 hours and 6 mT for 30 minutes) had potential to be applied on each plant to improve in vitro plant (banana and slipper orchid, respectively) growth. The increased chlorophyll and carotene/xanthophyll content on banana indicated that the banana was more tolerant to ELF-EMF exposure compared to slipper orchid.

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Worldwide standards on exposure to electromagnetic fields: an overview

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

A Technical Approach to the Evaluation of Radiofrequency Radiation Emissions from Mobile Telephony Base Stations

A Technical Approach to the Evaluation of Radiofrequency Radiation Emissions from Mobile Telephony Base Stations

Impact of physical factors on the society and environment

Sensitivity of Pigment Content of Banana and Orchid Tissue Culture Exposed to Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fiel

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