Wounding promotes root regeneration through a cell wall integrity sensor, the receptor kinase FERONIA

Abstract

Wounding caused by various stresses is the initial event of plant regeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying the early wounding responses to promote plant regeneration remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the receptor kinase FERONIA (FER) interacts with Topless/Topless-related proteins (TPL/TPRs) to regulate the expression of regeneration-related genes to modulate root tip regeneration. One ligand of FER, rapid alkalinization factor 33 (RALF33), is stimulated by wounding and functions together with FER to promote regeneration. Single-cell sequencing data showed that the low-differentiation cell types in the stele may account for the enhanced regeneration ability in the fer mutant, especially in the columella and quiescent center (QC). Further interaction assays and analysis of the gene expression patterns in low-differentiation cell types confirmed that FER interacts with TPL/TPRs to regulate the expression of downstream regeneration-related genes. One of their downstream targets, an essential transcription factor (TF) in root regeneration, ERF115, acts downstream of FER-TPL/TPRs to control regeneration. Our results suggested a signaling pathway between the early wounding response and regeneration processes in roots.One-sentence summaryRALF33-FER serves as an early signaling module between wounding and regeneration by functioning with TPL/TPRs in roots.

How plants sense and respond to osmotic stress

“…For example, the THESEUS1 (THE1) kinase, one member of the Catharanthus roseus receptor‐like kinase 1‐like ( Cr RLK1L) kinases, functions as a positive regulator of JA accumulation upon CWI impairment, and a negative regulator of ABA accumulation under hyperosmotic stress conditions (Bacete et al, 2022). Cr RLK1Ls have two malectin‐like domains (MLDs) that bind cell wall components and respond to CWI or mechanical signals both in vegetative and reproductive tissues (Hematy et al, 2007; Boisson‐Dernier et al, 2009; Shih et al, 2014; Feng et al, 2018; Malivert et al, 2021; Zhou et al, 2021; Lin et al, 2022; Tang et al, 2022; Xie et al, 2022). The Arabidopsis pollen tubes sense or respond to mechanical changes via the Cr RLK1L kinase Buddha's Paper Seal 1 (BUPS1) while emerging from the style, a compressing female tissue, to a wide‐open space of the transmitting tract, and in turn regulates CWI through activation of Rho‐of‐Plant 1 (ROP1) guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) and secretion of BUPS1's ligand rapid alkalinization factor4 (RALF4) (Zhou et al, 2021).…”