“…Websites offer users a variety of services [7], and the stability and reliability of these websites largely depend on their reliance on third-party services, including Content Delivery Network (CDN), Domain Name System (DNS), and Certi cate Authority (CA) services [8,9,10,11]. Additionally, the adoption of IPv6 [12,13,14,15], the application of IPv6 in domain name resolution servers [16], Internet Service Providers (ISPs) [17,18], and the third-party components and resources on which web services rely [19,20,21,22] also impact their overall performance and availability.…”