X-, C-, and L-band SAR signatures of newly formed sea ice in Arctic leads during winter and spring

Johansson, A. Malin; Brekke, Camilla; Spreen, Gunnar; King, Jennifer

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2017.10.032

Cited by 79 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The N‐ICE2015 experiment also provided a valuable platform for validation of remote sensing products, from both satellite and airborne observations. Unique near‐coincident synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data at multiple frequencies and simultaneous ground truth could be gathered, that provided new insights into use of imagery for detection of open water and thin ice and for sea ice classification (Espeseth et al, ; Johansson et al, ; Ressel et al, ; Rösel et al, ).…”

Section: Overview Of Conditions During Experiments and Main Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The N-ICE2015 experiment also provided a valuable platform for validation of remote sensing products, from both satellite and airborne observations. Unique near-coincident synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data at multiple frequencies and simultaneous ground truth could be gathered, that provided new insights into use of imagery for detection of open water and thin ice and for sea ice classification (Espeseth et al, 2016;Johansson et al, 2017Johansson et al, , 2018Ressel et al, 2016;R€ osel et al, 2017). King et al (2018) showed that radar reflections from both CryoSat-2 and an airborne radar instrument were closer to snow freeboard than ice freeboard, resulting in a systematic overestimation of sea-ice thickness in the N-ICE2015 region in spring 2015 by a factor of two in all operational CryoSat-2 products of date, despite of low temperatures (below 2158C).…”

Section: Sea Ice Remote Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmosphere‐Ice‐Ocean‐Ecosystem Processes in a Thinner Arctic Sea Ice Regime: The Norwegian Young Sea ICE (N‐ICE2015) Expedition

et al. 2018

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Arctic sea ice has been in rapid decline the last decade and the Norwegian young sea ICE (N‐ICE2015) expedition sought to investigate key processes in a thin Arctic sea ice regime, with emphasis on atmosphere‐snow‐ice‐ocean dynamics and sea ice associated ecosystem. The main findings from a half‐year long campaign are collected into this special section spanning the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, and Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences and provide a basis for a better understanding of processes in a thin sea ice regime in the high Arctic. All data from the campaign are made freely available to the research community.

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Section: Overview Of Conditions During Experiments and Main Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sea Ice Remote Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmosphere‐Ice‐Ocean‐Ecosystem Processes in a Thinner Arctic Sea Ice Regime: The Norwegian Young Sea ICE (N‐ICE2015) Expedition

et al. 2018

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“…As a consequence of this process, some of the refrozen leads in the vicinity of R/V Lance had thicker ice on one side than on the other, e.g., young grey white ice (thickness 0.15–0.40 m) on one side and a mixture of young grey ice (thickness <0.15 m), nilas and open water on the other. The L‐band scenes indicate 14% newly formed sea ice coverage on 23 April [ Johansson et al ., ].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined observations of Arctic sea ice with near‐coincident colocated X‐band, C‐band, and L‐band SAR satellite remote sensing and helicopter‐borne measurements

et al. 2017

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In this study, we compare colocated near‐coincident X‐, C‐, and L‐band fully polarimetry SAR satellite images with helicopter‐borne ice thickness measurements acquired during the Norwegian Young sea ICE 2015 (N‐ICE2015) expedition in the region of the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard in April 2015. The air‐borne surveys provide near‐coincident snow plus ice thickness, surface roughness data, and photographs. This unique data set allows us to investigate how the different frequencies can complement one another for sea ice studies, but also to raise awareness of limitations. X‐band and L‐band satellite scenes were shown to be a useful complement to the standard SAR frequency for sea ice monitoring (C‐band) for lead ice and newly formed sea ice identification. This may be in part be due to the frequency but also the high spatial resolution of these sensors. We found a relatively low correlation between snow plus ice thickness and surface roughness. Therefore, in our dataset ice thickness cannot directly be observed by SAR which has important implications for operational ice charting based on automatic segmentation.

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“…The other advantage is that these SAR sensors have polarimetric capabilities of acquiring data in different polarization combinations of VV, HH, VH and HV. These SAR polarimetric data are widely exploited for oil spill detection or classification [12][13][14], analysis of objects scattering or their classification in coastal intertidal flats [15][16][17], and sea ice detection and classification [18][19][20]. In addition to the general advantages of the aforementioned high spatial resolution and polarimetry, advanced SARs have constellation configuration design.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Capabilities of Chinese Gaofen-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar in Selected Topics for Coastal and Ocean Observations

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2018

Remote Sensing

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Gaofen-3 (GF-3), the first Chinese spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in C-band for civil applications, was launched on August 2016. Some studies have examined the use of GF-3 SAR data for ocean and coastal observations, but these studies generally focus on one particular application. As GF-3 has been in operation over two years, it is essential to evaluate its performance in ocean observation, a primary goal of the GF-3 launch. In this paper, we offer an overview demonstrating the capabilities of GF-3 SAR in ocean and coastal observations by presenting several representative cases, i.e., the monitoring of intertidal flats, offshore tidal turbulent wakes and oceanic internal waves, to highlight the GF-3's full polarimetry, high spatial resolution and wide-swath imaging advantages. Moreover, we also present a detailed analysis of the use of GF-3 quad-polarization data for sea surface wind retrievals and wave mode data for sea surface wave retrievals. The case studies and statistical analysis suggest that GF-3 has good ocean and coastal monitoring capabilities, though further improvements are possible, particularly in radiometric calibration and stable image quality.kilometers. Wide-swath or ScanSAR images generally have a spatial resolution of tens of meters and, more importantly, can map a large area of the open sea and coast, which makes them particularly suitable for studying meso-scale oceanic and atmospheric processes, e.g., by mapping the distribution of internal ocean waves [2], observing atmospheric solitons [3], estimating the wind speed of tropical cyclones [4], and measuring sea surface velocity [5].The year 2007 marks an important advance in the development of spaceborne SAR; two X-band spaceborne SAR, the TerraSAR-X (TSX) and Cosmo-SkyMed and the C-band SAR, Radarsat-2 (R2), were launched. Compared with previous spaceborne SAR missions, the new generation of SAR sensors has several advantages. One advantage is that the new generation can acquire images with a high spatial resolution of up to 1 m in spotlight mode [6][7][8]. This offers a unique opportunity to detect targets in the ocean and coast, e.g., for ship detection [9][10][11]. The other advantage is that these SAR sensors have polarimetric capabilities of acquiring data in different polarization combinations of VV, HH, VH and HV. These SAR polarimetric data are widely exploited for oil spill detection or classification [12][13][14], analysis of objects scattering or their classification in coastal intertidal flats [15][16][17], and sea ice detection and classification [18][19][20]. In addition to the general advantages of the aforementioned high spatial resolution and polarimetry, advanced SARs have constellation configuration design. The Cosmo-SkyMed, TSX/TanDEM-X (TDX) and Sentinel-1A/1B missions, as well as the forthcoming Radarsat Constellation Mission (RCM), all operate in constellations, which significantly reduces the temporal intervals of SAR data acquisition and therefore enhances the capture of dynamic sea surface information ...

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X-, C-, and L-band SAR signatures of newly formed sea ice in Arctic leads during winter and spring

Cited by 79 publications

References 57 publications

Atmosphere‐Ice‐Ocean‐Ecosystem Processes in a Thinner Arctic Sea Ice Regime: The Norwegian Young Sea ICE (N‐ICE2015) Expedition

Atmosphere‐Ice‐Ocean‐Ecosystem Processes in a Thinner Arctic Sea Ice Regime: The Norwegian Young Sea ICE (N‐ICE2015) Expedition

Combined observations of Arctic sea ice with near‐coincident colocated X‐band, C‐band, and L‐band SAR satellite remote sensing and helicopter‐borne measurements

Capabilities of Chinese Gaofen-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar in Selected Topics for Coastal and Ocean Observations

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