X-ray diffraction study of crystalline barium titanate ceramics

Zali, Nurazila Mat; Mahmood, Che Seman; Mohamad, Siti Mariam; Choo, Thye Foo; Murshidi, Julie Adrianny

doi:10.1063/1.4866124

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The strongest diffraction apparent in the majority of the XRD patterns (seen in Fig. 1(a)) indicates that BT (ICSD # 10‐083‐1875) was successfully prepared, as in previous studies 7,23 . Furthermore, very sharp peaks were observed indicating a crystalline structure with a crystallite size of 27.24 nm.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

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Characterization of barium titanate reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites for flexible electronic applications: influences of barium titanate content

Luangchuang

Chueangchayaphan

Sulaiman

et al. 2020

Polymer International

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The aim of this study was to develop high dielectric constant flexible polymers with a highly efficient and cost-effective approach using acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) as the polymer matrix and barium titanate (BT) as the high dielectric constant filler. The BT powder was synthesized with a solid-state reaction and was characterized using a particle size analyzer, XRD, SEM and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. NBR/BT composites were fabricated using an internal mixer with various BT loadings up to 160 phr. The influence of BT loading on the cure characteristics and mechanical, dynamic mechanical, thermal, dielectric and morphological properties was determined. The incorporation of BT in the NBR matrix shortened scorch time and increased delta torque. The mechanical properties, thermal stability and dielectric constant were greatly improved and increased with BT loading. The results suggest that the reinforcement effect was achieved due to strong hydrogen bonding or polar-polar interactions between NBR matrix and BT filler. This is further corroborated by the good dispersion of BT filler in the NBR matrix observed with SEM imaging. These findings can be applied to produce high-performance dielectric elastomers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Barium titanate (BT) with the chemical formula BaTiO 3 is a ceramic material that exhibits excellent dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties 7 . It has been widely applied in dielectric materials for electronics applications, especially in multilayer capacitors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of barium titanate reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites for flexible electronic applications: influences of barium titanate content

Luangchuang

Chueangchayaphan

Sulaiman

et al. 2020

Polymer International

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“…All the characteristic peaks concerned to the Perovskite tetragonal phase of BaTiO3 are confirmed at 2θ = 22°, 31.4°, 38.8°, 45.2°, 50.9°, 56.2° and 65.8° (JCPDS 05-0626) [44] and (ICSD-29148) [45]. The peaks at 2θ = 22.07°, 31.6°, 38.8°, 45.4° are attributed to the reduction in crystallographic elements in the unit cells of BaTiO3 [44]. The diffraction peaks at 25.4° to 25.7° confirm the presence of PPy being the typical characteristics of the matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pixel ruler estimates the grain size from 0.1 to 0.3 µm and a porosity of 0.5 to 1.0 µm in the composite having 1 wt % BaTiO 3 (Figure 8a) and a grain size of 0.05 µm to 1.0 µm and interstices of which increased to 1.0 to 1.5 µm in the composite with 5% BaTiO 3 (Figure 8e). The decrease in grain size and increase in porosity causes increase in interfacial polarization and decrease in the chances of charge transfer from one zone to the other [44,51].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of BaTiO3/Polypyrrole Composites with Exceptional Dielectric Behaviour

et al. 2018

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Higher concentrations of ceramic fillers induce brittleness in the ceramic/polymer hybrids which restrict their applications to limited fields especially when such hybrids are prepared for their use as dielectrics. We have synthesized and characterized different BaTiO3-polypyrrole (PPy) composites by changing the concentration of BaTiO3 from 1% by weight of PPy taken to 5 wt % to explore its effect on the dielectric parameters of the final product and found that the BaTiO3-polypyrrole composite with weight ratio of 0.05:1 exhibited highest dielectric constant, lowest dielectric loss and thermally most stable. All the composites were prepared using in-situ polymerization of pyrrole in an aqueous dispersion of low content of BaTiO3 in the presence of small amount of Hydrochloric acid. These composites were characterized for their microstructure and crystallinity by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) while thermal stability by thermo gravimetric (TGA) analysis. An impedance analyser (LCR meter) was utilized to investigate the dielectric parameters. FT-IR data confirmed the presence of the two phases and their interaction, inferred from the shifting of normal PPy peaks. The data obtained from XRD confirmed the presence of crystallites of 2.8 to 5 nm with dominant crystallinity of the filler, TGA analysis (25 to 600 °C) confirmed the higher thermal stability induced on successive addition of the filler into the prepared composites as compared to that of pure PPy in a wide temperature range which is unusual for such a low % age addition of the filler. The SEM analysis together with XRD results reveal that the successive introduction of BaTiO3 particles produced crystallites of 2 to 5 nm size which bonded together and changed the hemispherical shaped larger grains of the matrix to regular shaped smaller grains. The dielectric constant of the composites was enhanced with filler contents from 178 to 522 at 1 MHz for 1 wt % and 5 wt % BaTiO3 respectively. It was concluded that the introduction of BaTiO3 into the polymer matrix with this new procedure has greatly affected the polymerization process, thermal stability, morphology and dielectric properties of the host matrix and has resulted in a novel series of the composites which may have broad applications.

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“…As the sintered temperature increases, it was observed as an increase in peak splitting into two peaks (002) and (200) around 2θ = 44‐46° as well as peaks around 50.7°, 50.9°, and 75.0° . This peak splitting occurred because the sintering temperature above 950°C led to phase transformation from cubic to tetragonal . This tetragonality of BT ceramics increases as the sintering temperature increase as evidenced by an increase in extent of peak splitting as shown in Figure , therefore highest tetragonality among XRD peaks can be seen in the sample sintered in 1400°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fabrication of bulk piezoelectric and dielectric BaTiO₃ ceramics using paste extrusion 3D printing technique

et al. 2018

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A simple and facile method was developed to fabricate functional bulk barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) ceramics using the paste extrusion 3D printing technique. The BT ceramic is a lead‐free ferroelectric material widely used for various applications in sensors, energy storage, and harvesting. There are several traditional methods (eg, tape casting) to process bulk BT ceramics but they have disadvantages such as difficult handing without shape deformation, demolding, complex geometric shapes, expansive molds, etc. In this research, we utilized the paste extrusion 3D printing technique to overcome the traditional issues and developed printable ceramic suspensions containing BT ceramic powder, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) through simple mixing method and chemical formulation. This PVDF solution erformed multiple roles of binder, plasticizer, and dispersant for excellent manufacturability while providing high volume percent and density of the final bulk ceramic. Based on empirical data, it was found that the maximum binder ratio with good viscosity and retention for desired geometry is 1:8.8, while the maximum BT content is 35.45 vol% (77.01 wt%) in order to achieve maximum density of 3.93 g/cm3 (65.3%) for 3D printed BT ceramic. Among different sintering temperatures, it was observed that the sintered BT ceramic at 1400°C had highest grain growth and tetragonality which affected high performing piezoelectric and dielectric properties, 200 pC/N and 4730 at 103 Hz respectively. This paste extrusion 3D printing technique and simple synthesis method for ceramic suspensions are expected to enable rapid massive production, customization, design flexibility of the bulk piezoelectric and dielectric devices for next generation technology.

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X-ray diffraction study of crystalline barium titanate ceramics

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Characterization of barium titanate reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites for flexible electronic applications: influences of barium titanate content

Characterization of barium titanate reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites for flexible electronic applications: influences of barium titanate content

Synthesis and Characterization of BaTiO3/Polypyrrole Composites with Exceptional Dielectric Behaviour

Fabrication of bulk piezoelectric and dielectric BaTiO₃ ceramics using paste extrusion 3D printing technique

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X-ray diffraction study of crystalline barium titanate ceramics

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Characterization of barium titanate reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites for flexible electronic applications: influences of barium titanate content

Characterization of barium titanate reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites for flexible electronic applications: influences of barium titanate content

Synthesis and Characterization of BaTiO3/Polypyrrole Composites with Exceptional Dielectric Behaviour

Fabrication of bulk piezoelectric and dielectric BaTiO3 ceramics using paste extrusion 3D printing technique

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Fabrication of bulk piezoelectric and dielectric BaTiO₃ ceramics using paste extrusion 3D printing technique