X-ray holography

Abstract

Different X-ray holography methods are reviewed and their features and capabilities discussed. Particular attention is paid to the fluorescence holography method, which allows obtaining three-dimensional local structure images of ordered objects with atomic resolution. Using concrete examples, it is proved that X-ray holography is a unique nondestructive structural characterization method for a wide class of objects.Physics ± Uspekhi 58 (4) 365 ± 383 (2015) #2015 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk, Russian Academy of Sciences Contents 1. Introduction 365 2. Principles of X-ray holography 366 3. X-ray holography with an external radiation source 367 3.1 In-line holography; 3.2 Off-axis holography; 3.3 Fourier-transform holography 4. X-ray holography with an external radiation source and a detector (fluorescence holography) 371 4.1 Multiple-energy fluorescence holography; 4.2 Other methods of fluorescence holography; 4.3 Application of X-ray fluorescence holography 5. Conclusions 380 References 381 V V Lider Physics ± Uspekhi 58 (4) April 2015 X-ray holography 367 V V Lider Physics ± Uspekhi 58 (4)

Applications of X-Ray Holography

“…e use of shortpulse X-ray sources in combination with high-resolution detectors in X-ray holography can provide clear atomic images. Besides, the deformation of the crystal cannot be directly obtained by the traditional X-ray diffraction (XD) technique, while XFH can be used to solve this problem [31,38]. Examples of applying X-ray holography in investigations of crystalline structures are discussed in the following section.…”

“…X-ray holography does not only have the function of optical holography but also some special properties, which makes it advantageous in the three-dimensional imaging and dynamic observation of the internal microstructure of the objects. It can be used to obtain three-dimensional images with atomic resolution, which is widely used in the research on crystals, crystal films, impurities, and lattice distortions [31]. X-rays in the 'water window' have a contrastingly enhancing mechanism for biological samples.…”