X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on the CrN surface grown on sapphire substrate to control the polarity of ZnO by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy

Chang, Jiho; Jung, Mina; Park, J.S.; Park, S.H.; Im, Il; Lee, H.J.; Ha, Jun Seok; Fujii, K.; Hanada, Takashi; Yao, Takafumi; Murakami, Yasukazu; Ohtsu, Naofumi; Kil, Gyung-Suk

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.06.034

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The existence of chromium-fluoride compounds was confirmed by analysing the Cr 2p XPS band. In this case, three peaks were obtained at 574.9 eV, 575.7 eV and 579.8 eV, which can be assigned to CrN, air-exposed CrN and CrF, respectively [54,55]. In view of the results, the experiments with the lower load (where better friction coefficients were obtained) showed a F-Cr interaction that could be characterized by XPS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Tribological Behaviour of PVD Coatings Lubricated with a FAP− Anion-Based Ionic Liquid Used as an Additive

et al. 2016

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This paper studies 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate ionic liquid ([BMP][FAP]) as a 1 wt% additive to a polyalphaolefin (PAO 6) in the lubrication of CrN and TiN PVD coatings. Friction and wear behaviour were determined by using a ball-on-plate reciprocating tribometer at two loads (20 and 40 N) and a reciprocating frequency of 10 Hz. The tribological behaviour of this mixture has also been compared to a traditional oil additive, like zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). As an additive, ionic liquid exhibited an important friction and wear reduction compared to the base oil. However, tests conducted with ZDDP show slightly better results. XPS was used to analyse wear surfaces. The interactions of each additive with the surface contributed to improving the tribological behaviour of the lubricants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Tribological Behaviour of PVD Coatings Lubricated with a FAP− Anion-Based Ionic Liquid Used as an Additive

et al. 2016

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“…While two distinct peaks situated at 163.4 and 158.2 eV were identified as Bi 4f 5/2 and Bi 4f 7/2 of Bi 3+ , severally, exhibiting the presence of Bi 3+ in the sample. The two peaks situated at 1044.6 and 1021.2 eV originated from Zn 2p 3/2 in Figure f, indicating that the charge state of Zn was +2 . Accordingly, the XPS characterization results revealed the existence of Cu + , Ge 4+ , Se 2– , Bi 3+ , and Zn 2+ in the Cu 1.988 Bi 0.01 Zn 0.002 GeSe 3 sample, and no other valence states for all of the elements were found.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The two peaks situated at 1044.6 and 1021.2 eV originated from Zn 2p 3/2 in Figure 4f, indicating that the charge state of Zn was +2. 28 Accordingly, the XPS characterization results revealed the existence of Cu + , Ge 4+ , Se 2− , Bi 3+ , and Zn 2+ in the Cu 1.988 Bi 0.01 Zn 0.002 GeSe 3 sample, and no other valence states for all of the elements were found. Based on the above XRD, BSE-EDS, HR-TEM, and XPS test results, we confirmed that the Cu 2−x Bi x GeSe 3 and Cu 1.99−y Bi 0.01 Zn y GeSe 3 solid solutions with the uniform distribution of elements were successfully synthesized.…”

Section: Phase Composition Ofmentioning

confidence: 87%

Inducing High Power Factor in Cu₂GeSe₃-Based Bulk Materials via (Bi, Zn)-Co-doping

Rong

Chen

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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In this work, carrier concentration optimization and effective mass increase of Cu 2 GeSe 3 , which were considered to be a synergetic effect of electrical transport properties, were achieved by the co-doping of Bi and Zn on the Cu site. This effect led to a higher Seebeck coefficient of ∼307.76 μV K −1 at 723 K for the Cu 1.988 Bi 0.01 Zn 0.002 GeSe 3 sample. This effect also resulted in a higher power factor of ∼8.66 μW cm −1 K −2 at 723 K and an average power factor of ∼6.29 μW cm −1 K −2 at the temperature range of 303− 723 K for the Cu 1.988 Bi 0.01 Zn 0.002 GeSe 3 sample, which were ∼135 and ∼196% larger than those of pristine Cu 2 GeSe 3 , respectively, and are among the highest value of the Cu 2 GeSe 3 -based sample. Benefiting from simultaneous optimization of the power factor, the maximum ZT of ∼0.75 for the Cu 1.988 Bi 0.01 Zn 0.002 GeSe 3 sample at 723 K was obtained, which is ∼288% higher than that of Cu 2 GeSe 3 .

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“…As shown in Figure. 2a, the binding energies of the Cr2p3/2 and Cr2p1/2 peaks centered at 574.7 eV and 583.4 eV, which correspond to the Cr-N state [25,26]. Meanwhile, the binding energies of Cr2p3/2 and Cr2p1/2 peaks at 576.6 and 586.3 eV correspond to the Cr-O states [27]. The binding energies of W4f7/2 and W4f5/2 peaks located at 31.8 eV and 33.9 eV ( Figure. 2b), which are associated with W-N binding state [28,29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability of CrWN Glass Molding Coatings after Vacuum Annealing

Huang

Xie

et al. 2020

Coatings

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CrWN glass molding coatings were deposited by plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering (PEMS). The microstructure and thermal stability of these coatings were investigated by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, atomic force microscope and nanoindentation tests. The as-deposited coating exhibited an aggravated lattice expansion resulting in a constant hardness enhancement. The vacuum annealing induced surface coarsening and the spinodal decomposition of the coating accompanied by the formation of nm-sized c-CrN, c-W 2 N, and h-WN domains. The annealed coating with low W content had mainly a face-centered cubic (f.c.c) matrix, strain fields caused by lattice mismatch caused hardness enhancement. Following an increase in W content, the annealed coating showed a mixed face-centered cubic (f.c.c) and hexagonal close-packed (h.c.p) matrix. The large volume fraction of h-WN phases seriously weakened the coating strengthening effect and caused an obvious drop in hardness.Coatings 2020, 10, 198 2 of 11 manufacturing due to their excellent anti-sticking and anti-oxidation properties [10][11][12], but they are also expensive for their wide industrial applications. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films exhibit good self-lubrication and anti-wear performance, however, their poor thermal stability greatly limits any molding application [13,14]. Recently, the application of transition metal nitride coatings to glass molding has received great interest due to the favorable chemical inertness and anti-wear properties of these materials [15][16][17][18]. Most current studies focus on the anti-sticking and anti-oxidation properties of transition metal nitride coatings. WCrN coatings have been reported to have good anti-sticking properties at 400 • C, but also exhibited poor anti-sticking performances at 500 • C due to the formation of oxides [19]. CrWN coatings have been reported to experience severe mechanical degradation and coarsening in high temperature nitrogen atmosphere due to the formation of WO 3 phases [20].The life of glass molding coatings is determined mainly by their anti-sticking and anti-oxidation properties, as well as by their thermal stability. However, relatively little work has been published on the thermal stability of this type of coatings. In this study, CrWN coatings with different W contents are synthesized using PEMS. Detailed characterizations of these coatings were performed to study the evolution of their microstructures, as well as the mechanical properties of the as-deposited coatings after vacuum annealing. The potential effect of the W content on the thermal stability of the annealed coatings will be discussed systematically in the following sections.

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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on the CrN surface grown on sapphire substrate to control the polarity of ZnO by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Tribological Behaviour of PVD Coatings Lubricated with a FAP− Anion-Based Ionic Liquid Used as an Additive

Tribological Behaviour of PVD Coatings Lubricated with a FAP− Anion-Based Ionic Liquid Used as an Additive

Inducing High Power Factor in Cu₂GeSe₃-Based Bulk Materials via (Bi, Zn)-Co-doping

Thermal Stability of CrWN Glass Molding Coatings after Vacuum Annealing

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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on the CrN surface grown on sapphire substrate to control the polarity of ZnO by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Tribological Behaviour of PVD Coatings Lubricated with a FAP− Anion-Based Ionic Liquid Used as an Additive

Tribological Behaviour of PVD Coatings Lubricated with a FAP− Anion-Based Ionic Liquid Used as an Additive

Inducing High Power Factor in Cu2GeSe3-Based Bulk Materials via (Bi, Zn)-Co-doping

Thermal Stability of CrWN Glass Molding Coatings after Vacuum Annealing

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Inducing High Power Factor in Cu₂GeSe₃-Based Bulk Materials via (Bi, Zn)-Co-doping