Xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis: A rare presentation in a young female patient

Yaghoubi, Mohammad Ali; Zabihyan, Samira; Saeidinia, Amin; Gharib, Masoumeh; Moghaddam, Ramin Ghiyasi

doi:10.1002/ccr3.6337

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Surgical resection is typically the only treatment that is required. 17 However, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs may be indicated in patients with residual or recurrent hypophysitis. 17 , 18 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis mimicking a pituitary macroadenoma: a case report

Salhi,

Oueslati,

Mouelhi

et al. 2024

J Int Med Res

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Hypophysitis is an extremely rare inflammatory disease that can mimic the clinical and radiological features of a pituitary adenoma. In this case report, we describe a 45-year-old woman with secondary xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis (XGH) who presented with signs of a pituitary macroadenoma. The patient complained of headaches, visual impairment, and amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome. Her physical examination was normal. Laboratory investigation revealed corticotropin, thyrotropin, and gonadotropin deficiencies. She also had low visual acuity in her right eye and an altered visual field. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intra and suprasellar mass measuring 13 × 11 × 16 mm, with hemorrhagic necrosis, that was having a discrete mass effect on the patient’s optic chiasm and pituitary stalk. The patient was treated with hydrocortisone and levothyroxine, and then transferred to the Neurosurgery department for total transsphenoidal resection of the mass. Histological examination of the tumor permitted a diagnosis of XGH of a remodeled Rathke’s pouch cyst to be made. Systemic conditions such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and other granulomatous diseases were excluded. The etiopathogenesis of XGH remains poorly characterized, but it may be a progressive form of lymphocytic hypophysitis or a remodeled Rathke’s pouch cyst. Screening for autoimmune pathology and systemic diseases is essential to guide appropriate management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 17 However, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs may be indicated in patients with residual or recurrent hypophysitis. 17 , 18 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis mimicking a pituitary macroadenoma: a case report

Salhi,

Oueslati,

Mouelhi

et al. 2024

J Int Med Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders in Endocrine Pathology

et al. 2023

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A variety of inflammatory conditions may directly involve the endocrine glands, leading to endocrine dysfunction that can cause severe consequences on patients’ health, if left untreated. Inflammation of the endocrine system may be caused by either infectious agents or other mechanisms, including autoimmune and other immune-mediated processes. Not infrequently, inflammatory and infectious diseases may appear as tumor-like lesions of endocrine organs and simulate neoplastic processes. These diseases may be clinically under-recognized and not infrequently the diagnosis is suggested on pathological samples. Thus, the pathologist should be aware of the basic principles of their pathogenesis, as well as of their morphological features, clinicopathological correlates, and differential diagnosis. Interestingly, several systemic inflammatory conditions show a peculiar tropism to the endocrine system as a whole. In turn, organ-specific inflammatory disorders are observed in endocrine glands. This review will focus on the morphological aspects and clinicopathological features of infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, drug-induced inflammatory reactions, IgG4-related disease, and other inflammatory disorders involving the endocrine system. A mixed entity-based and organ-based approach will be used, with the aim to provide the practicing pathologist with a comprehensive and practical guide to the diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory disorders of the endocrine system.

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Xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis: A rare presentation in a young female patient

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Secondary xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis mimicking a pituitary macroadenoma: a case report

Secondary xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis mimicking a pituitary macroadenoma: a case report

Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders in Endocrine Pathology

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