Xanthone Glucosides: Isolation, Bioactivity and Synthesis

Abstract

Xanthones are secondary metabolites found in plants, fungi, lichens, and bacteria from a variety of families and genera, with the majority found in the Gentianaceae, Polygalaceae, and Clusiaceae. They have a diverse range of bioactivities, including anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-malarial, anti-tuberculosis, and cytotoxic properties. Xanthone glucosides are a significant branch of xanthones. After glycosylation, xanthones may have improved characteristics (such as solubility and pharmacological activity). Currently, no critical review of xanthone glucosides has been published. A literature survey including reports of naturally occurring xanthone glucosides is included in this review. The isolation, structure, bioactivity, and synthesis of these compounds were all explored in depth.

Phytochemical screening and potential antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-melanoma activities of <i>Rollinia dolabripetala</i> leaves

“…Cytotoxic phytocompounds present in different species of the genera Rollinia (Araujo et al, 2021;Cunha et al, 2009) and other annonaceous (George et al, 2021;Handayani & Yuzammi, 2021;Khan et al, 2020;Perrone et al, 2022;Rocha et al, 2021;Shehata et al, 2021) support the experimental results obtained here, with selective cytotoxic effect on normal cells (Ribeiro et al, 2018;Shehata et al, 2021). The antitumor action of xanthones and derivatives (Huang et al, 2021;Kurniawan et al, 2021;Nguyen et al, 2022;Pinto et al, 2021;Song et al, 2021Song et al, , 2022Zhao et al, 2022), and tannins (Musial et al, 2021;Shehata et al, 2021;Zeng et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2021) also reinforces the data. Regarding the results exhibited by the phytochemical xanthone, new experimental tests need to be conducted to understand its cytotoxic action on cellular pathways as a function of the chemical groups (such as 1.7dihydroxy-xanthone) present in this polyphenol.…”

“…Xanthones polyphenols and their synthetic derivatives exhibit antitumor potential (Huang et al, 2021;Kurniawan et al, 2021;Pinto et al, 2021;Song et al, 2021Song et al, , 2022 and, interestingly, the treatment with RDLE that exhibits this phytochemical in its leaves, showed a very discrepant GI 50 . An investigation into a possible antagonistic effect among the extract's phytochemicals may clarify this result.…”

Natural Products Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidases—Potential New Drug Leads for Neuroprotection, Neurological Disorders, and Neuroblastoma

“…Xanthones and xanthone glycosides possess numerous biological and pharmacological potentials. Those compounds have been reported to show several therapeutic properties including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antituberculotic, antitumor, and antiplatelet [152,153]. In earlier studies, a series of natural xanthones has been evaluated for their activity to inhibit MAO-A and -B [154,155].…”

An Update on the Anticancer Activity of Xanthone Derivatives: A Review

“…In O-glycosides, the glycosidic bond is formed between anomeric carbon atom of sugar ring and oxygen atom of hydroxyl group present in xanthone skeleton. In C-glycosides, xanthone is connected with glycosyl moiety through the C-C bond [31]. The common example of O-glycoside xanthone is rutinosylxanthone, while the example of C-glycoside xanthone is mangiferin, as shown in Figure 2.…”