Xenotransplantation-Progress and Problems: A Review

Denner, Joachim

doi:10.4172/2161-0991.1000133

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…While it has been argued that financial incentives (i.e., 'blood money') may de-motivate ("crowd-out") intrinsically experienced donors (Titmuss, 1970), framing the transaction as a 'social exchange' (i.e., the donor provides a 'gift of life' and the blood service thanks them with a gift), may be effective (Mauss, 1990;Sharp & Randhawa, 2014). This approach has been explored in two ways, either as a (1) 'gift voucher' in return for donation ('Gift Exchange': Lacetera, Macis, & Slonim, 2013, 2014 or (2) financial gift that can be donated to another health charity ('Charity Option': Mellstrom & Johannesson, 2008;Sass, 2013). The opportunity to help another charity in exchange for donating blood should provide the opportunity to gain extra warm-glow.…”

Section: Blood and Organ Donation 30mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood and organ donation: health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions

Ferguson

Murray

O’Carroll

2019

Psychology & Health

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Objective: Without a supply of blood, health services could not meet their clinical needs. Similarly, organs for transplantation save and transform lives. Donations are acts of generosity that are traditionally seen as altruistic, and accordingly, interventions to recruit and retain blood and organ donors have focused on altruism. We review the predictors, prevalence and correlates of these two behaviours, how effective interventions have been, and draw common themes. Design: Narrative review. Results: We highlight that both recipients and donors benefit, and as such neither blood nor organ donation is purely altruistic. We also highlight health problems associated with both types of donation. In evaluating interventions, we highlight that a move to an opt-out default for organ donation may not be the simple fix it is believed to be and propose effective interventions to enhance the opt-in default (e.g. social media updates). We show that incentives, text messaging, feedback and a focus on prosocial emotions (e.g., 'warm-glow', 'gratitude') may be effective interventions for both blood and organ donation. Interventions designed to reduce fainting (e.g., water pre-loading) are also effective for blood donation. Conclusions: We conclude that affect is key to understanding both types of donation and in designing effective interventions.

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Section: Blood and Organ Donation 30mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xenotransplantation: A very different intervention to reduce the organ shortage is to move to a source of organs other than humans: Xenotransplantation (Denner, 2014). Recent advances in engineering pig (the most suitable organism for…”

Section: Blood and Organ Donation 42mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood and organ donation: health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions

Ferguson

Murray

O’Carroll

2019

Psychology & Health

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“…Acute rejection is observed both in allogeneic and xenogeneic-based therapies. One of the main barriers to successful xenotransplantation is hyperacute rejection (HAR) of the graft, which is characterized as a loss of function of the transplanted organ and is specific to xenotransplantation [ 51 ]. Current approaches to avoid such rejections intend to reduce or eliminate immunological risks [ 52 ].…”

Section: Bioartificial Organs and Xenotransplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PERV detection methods have evolved, leading to improved assay sensitivity and specificity for detecting evidence of PERV transmission in patients receiving xenotransplantation therapies. Modern tools include methods of molecular virology based on PCR or other molecular biological methods measuring PERV-specific antibody responses [ 51 ]. As a result, the relatively low detectability in the mid-1990s has risen to level “medium” today.…”

Section: Bioartificial Organs and Xenotransplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Phase of Growth for Xenogeneic-Based Bioartificial Organs

Pitkin

2016

IJMS

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In this article, we examine the advanced clinical development of bioartificial organs and describe the challenges to implementing such systems into patient care. The case for bioartificial organs is evident: they are meant to reduce patient morbidity and mortality caused by the persistent shortage of organs available for allotransplantation. The widespread introduction and adoption of bioengineered organs, incorporating cells and tissues derived from either human or animal sources, would help address this shortage. Despite the decades of development, the variety of organs studied and bioengineered, and continuous progress in the field, only two bioengineered systems are currently commercially available: Apligraf® and Dermagraft® are both approved by the FDA to treat diabetic foot ulcers, and Apligraf® is approved to treat venous leg ulcers. Currently, no products based on xenotransplantation have been approved by the FDA. Risk factors include immunological barriers and the potential infectivity of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), which is unique to xenotransplantation. Recent breakthroughs in gene editing may, however, mitigate risks related to PERV. Because of its primary role in interrupting progress in xenotransplantation, we present a risk assessment for PERV infection, and conclude that the formerly high risk has been reduced to a moderate level. Advances in gene editing, and more broadly in the field, may make it more likely than ever before that bioartificial organs will alleviate the suffering of patients with organ failure.

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“…Therefore, stem cells technology was built as the basis of regenerative a deconstructive bio-medicine. Moreover, application of a stem cells was recently used as the main tool of advanced biotechnology [1]- [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acids metabolism and degradation is regulated during porcine oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) primary culture in vitro – a signaling pathways activation approach

Kranc

Jankowski

Budna

et al. 2018

Medical Journal of Cell Biology

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The ovary is part of the reproductive system, possessing very important functions in the reproduction process (ovum and embryo transfer, providing a suitable environment for sperm capacitation, etc.). There are two types of cells in the fallopian tubes: alveolar and secretive cells. These study shows the metabolic processes in pig oviductal epithelial cells associated with the activation of signaling pathways of amino acids metabolism and degradation during long-term in vitro culture. Oviductal epithelial cells from 45 colonies in the anestrous phase of the estrous cycle have been utilized in this study. RNA extract from the OEC primary cultures was pooled after 24h, 7days, 15 days and 30 days from the beginning of culture and the transcriptome investigated by Affymetrix® Porcine Gene 1.1 ST. From the whole transcript that consisted of 2009 different genes, 1537 were upregulated and 995 were downregulated after 7 days of culture, 1471 were upregulated and 1061 were downregulated after 15 days of culture and 1329 were upregulated and 1203 were downregulated after 30 days of culture. The results of these studies provide, for the first time, information on the activation of metabolic pathways of amino acids such as valine, leucine, isoleucine, cysteine, and methionine in the investigated tissue. They also indicate genes that may be OECs-specific genetic markers that are expressed or upregulated during long-term in vitro culture.Running title: regulation of amino acid signaling pathways

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Xenotransplantation-Progress and Problems: A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 129 publications

Blood and organ donation: health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions

Blood and organ donation: health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions

New Phase of Growth for Xenogeneic-Based Bioartificial Organs

Amino acids metabolism and degradation is regulated during porcine oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) primary culture in vitro – a signaling pathways activation approach

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