XPS study of vanadium surface oxidation by oxygen ion bombardment

Facile hydrothermal synthesis of vanadium oxides nanobelts by ethanol reduction of peroxovanadium complexes

“…The survey spectra reveal the as-prepared samples only consisting of vanadium and oxygen (The C 1s peak appears, which may be due to some CO 2 absorbed on the surface of the samples). It was reported [35,[39][40][41][42] that V 5 þ 2p1/2 peak is located at about 524.3 eV and V 5 þ 2p3/2 peak is located at 516.9-517.7 eV; V 4 þ 2p1/2 peak is located at about 523.4 eV and V 4 þ 2p3/2 peak is located at 515.7-516.2 eV; and V 3 þ peak is located at about 523.0 eV and V 3 þ 2p3/2 peak is located at 515.2-515.9 eV. As can be seen from Fig.…”

Oxidizing annealing effects on VO2 films with different microstructures

“…For all three films, the fitting peaks of V 2p 3/2 are asymmetrical. Two main valence states of vanadium were determined, V 4+ valence (with a binding energy of 515.7-516.2 eV) and V 5+ valence (with a binding energy of 516.8-517.5 eV)[21][22][23]. In the M-and A-samples, a small amount of V 5+ and V 3+ (515.04 eV[24]) were detected accompanying the dominant V 4+ .…”

Synthesis of doubly functional nanowhiskers from a colloid solution including a V–Ti complex precursor

“…For the film of Ti/V oxide nanowhiskers that had been treated at 700°C, we observed two valence states for V atoms: V 5? , with a binding energy of 516.9 eV (reported values: 516.9-517.2 eV [28]), and V 4? , with a binding energy of 516.0 eV (reported value: 516.0 eV [29]).…”

“…In contrast, the spectra of the films that had been treated at 300 and 500°C revealed the presence of V 3? with a binding energy of 515.4 eV (reported values: 515.2-515.7 eV [28]). The binding energies for the various valence states of the V atoms were all in agreement with those reported in the literature.…”