XX. <i>Absorption problems in radioactivity</i>

King, B.

doi:10.1080/14786440208637217

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The expression for the flux, F(R,H), due to a surface activity concentration S 0 at a point an elevation H above a disc-shaped source of radius R can be readily calculated (King 1912),…”

Section: Sensitivity Determination From Monte Carlo Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerial Mobile Radiation Survey Following Detonation of a Radiological Dispersal Device

et al. 2016

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A series of experiments was conducted in 2012 at the Defence Research and Development Canada's Suffield Research Centre in Alberta, Canada, during which three radiological dispersal devices were detonated. The detonations released radioactive (140)La into the air, which was then carried by winds and detectable over distances of up to 2 km. The Nuclear Emergency Response group of Natural Resources Canada conducted airborne radiometric surveys shortly following the explosions to map the pattern of radioactivity deposited on the ground. The survey instrument suite was based on large volume NaI(Tl) scintillation gamma radiation detectors, which were situated in a basket mounted exterior to the helicopter and oriented end-to-end to maximize the sensitivity. A standard geophysical data treatment was used to subtract backgrounds and to correct the data to produce counts due to (140)La at the nominal altitude. Sensitivity conversion factors obtained from Monte Carlo simulations were then applied to express the measurements in terms of surface activity concentration in kBq m(-2). Integrated over the survey area, the results indicate that only 20 to 25% of the bomb's original inventory of radioactive material is deposited within a 1.5-km radius of ground zero. These results can be accommodated with a simple model for the RDD behavior and atmospheric dispersion.

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“…The expression for the flux, F(R,H), due to a surface activity concentration S 0 at a point an elevation H above a disc-shaped source of radius R can be readily calculated (King 1912),…”

Section: Sensitivity Determination From Monte Carlo Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerial Mobile Radiation Survey Following Detonation of a Radiological Dispersal Device

et al. 2016

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“…is given by Grasty () to calculate the gamma radiation per time using the so‐called King's function [Eq. ] ( King , , in Grasty , ):

true N = nAe false/ 2 μ_{g} \times E_{2} (μ_{a} h) .

true E_{2} (μ_{a} h) = \int_{1}^{\infty} (e^{- μ_{a} hx} / x^{2}) dx,

…”

Section: Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) is given by Grasty (1997) to calculate the gamma radiation per time using the so-called King's function [Eq. (4)] (King, 1912, in Grasty, 1997:…”

Section: Measurement Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma‐ray spectrometry as versatile tool in soil science: A critical review

Reinhardt

Herrmann

2018

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Gamma‐ray spectrometry is an established method in geo‐sciences. This article gives an overview on fundamentals of gamma‐ray spectrometry that are relevant to soil science including basic technical aspects, and discusses influencing factors, inconsistencies, limitations, and open questions related to the method. Gamma‐ray spectrometry relies on counting gamma quanta during radionuclide decay of 40K, 238U, and 232Th, but secular equilibrium for the decay series of U and Th must be given as decays of their respective daughter radionuclides are used for determination. Secular equilibrium for U and Th decay series, however, is not always given leading to, e.g., anomalies in U concentration measurements. For soil science, gamma‐ray spectrometry is of specific value since it does not only detect a signal from the landscape surface, but integrates information over a certain volume. Besides, different spatial scales can be covered using either ground‐based or airborne sensing techniques. Together with other remote sensing methods, gamma signatures can provide completive information for understanding land forming processes and soil properties distributions. At first, signals depend on bedrock composition. The signals are in second order altered by weathering processes leading to more interpretation opportunities and challenges. Due to their physico‐chemical properties, radionuclides behave differently in soils and their properties can be distinguished via the resulting signatures. Hence, gamma signatures of soils are specific for local environments. Processes like soil erosion can superimpose gamma signals from in situ weathering. Soil mappings, available K and texture determination, or peat and soil erosion mapping are possible applications being discussed in this review.

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“…Es sind aber alles dies nur sehr ungenaue Angaben, deren Ubereinstimmung mit der Wahrheit nicht konstatiert ist. Auch von rein physikalischer Seite liegen Berechnungen vor, (2,20,27,33,37) doch lassen sich diese nicht bei medizinischen Anordnungen verwenden.…”

Section: Rolf M Sievertunclassified

Die Intensitatsverteilung der primaren -Strahlung in der Nahe medizinischer Radiumpraparate

Sievert¹

1921

Acta Radiologica

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XX. Absorption problems in radioactivity

Cited by 32 publications

References 4 publications

Aerial Mobile Radiation Survey Following Detonation of a Radiological Dispersal Device

Aerial Mobile Radiation Survey Following Detonation of a Radiological Dispersal Device

Gamma‐ray spectrometry as versatile tool in soil science: A critical review

Die Intensitatsverteilung der primaren -Strahlung in der Nahe medizinischer Radiumpraparate

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