Xylem conductivity and vulnerability in cultivars and races of avocado

Reyes-Santamarı́a, Isabel; Terrazas, Teresa; Barrientos-Priego, Alejandro F.; Trejo, Carlos

doi:10.1016/s0304-4238(01)00284-9

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As trees consume large amounts of water, they have to develop mechanisms to protect against the disruption of their water balance and be able to restore the water pathway. According to the modified HagenPoiseuille equation (Reyes-Santamaria et al 2002), hydraulic conductivity is proportional both to vessel radius (fourth power) and vessel density. Therefore, both the diameter and the density of vessels directly influence conductivity (e.g., Lovisolo and Schubert 1998;ReyesSantamaria et al 2002;Christensen-Dalsgaard et al 2007;Sellin et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wound reaction after bark harvesting: microscopic and macroscopic phenomena in ten medicinal tree species (Benin)

Delvaux

Sinsin

Damme

et al. 2010

Trees

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In Africa, little is known about how the vascular anatomy of medicinal tree species is influenced by bark harvesting, and the ability of species to react against debarking needs to be better understood. This study aims to evaluate the temporal and spatial impact of bark harvesting on wood anatomy and to determine the extent to which a tree's ability to close the wound after bark harvesting is affected by anatomical changes in the wood. We harvested bark from ten medicinal tree species located in an Isoberlinia doka woodland in Central Benin. Two years after debarking, the wound closure was measured and one tree per species was cut at the wound level to collect a stem disc. On the cross section of each disc, vessel features (area, density and specific conductive area) were measured in the radial direction (before and after wounding) and on three locations around the disc surface. We found that during early wound healing, all species produced vessels with a smaller area than in unaffected wood and this significantly decreased the specific conductive area in eight of the investigated species. However, after 2 years, only six trees had restored their specific conductive area. In addition, a significant positive correlation (r = 0.64, P \ 0.005) confirmed the relationship between the specific conductive area and tissue production to close the wound and delineated the study group into two groups of trees. Therefore, we concluded that vessels appeared to be very good anatomical indicators of the tree's reactions to debarking.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wound reaction after bark harvesting: microscopic and macroscopic phenomena in ten medicinal tree species (Benin)

Delvaux

Sinsin

Damme

et al. 2010

Trees

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“…However, this correlation must be treated with caution, since water movement and balance are not only regulated by anatomical characteristics. They may also be influenced by water potential gradients within the plant, as well as stomatal features and their sensitivity, especially when water availability is limited in the soil (Reyes-Santamaría et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in xylem structure and function in roots and stems of scion–rootstock combinations of sweet cherry tree (Prunus avium L.)

Gonçalves

Correia

Silva

et al. 2006

Trees

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To assess hydraulic architecture and limitations to water transport across scion-rootstock combinations (Prunus avium L. cultivar Van grafted on five differing size-controlling rootstocks: P. avium (vigorous) > CAB 11E > Maxma 14 > Gisela 5 > Edabriz (dwarfing)), we compared xylem anatomy, and calculated relative hydraulic conductivity (RC) and vulnerability index (VI) of roots (small, medium and large diameter) and stems. Water relations, leaf gas exchange and variations in growth were also determined. Roots exhibited larger-diameter xylem conduits (VD), greater RC and VI than stems in all Van-rootstock combinations. Moreover, there was a significantly higher vessel frequency (VF), lower VD, RC and VI in dwarfed trees, especially grafted on Gisela 5 than trees on the invigorating rootstocks, P. avium L., CAB 11E and Maxma 14. Anatomical constraints on water status imposed by the smaller VD (and/or in lower xylem thickness and root system length) of dwarfed trees imply a series of negative feedbacks, like a decrease in RC, stem water potential, leaf gas exchange and growth. On the other hand, Van grafted on CAB 11E and Communicated by M. Zwieniecki

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“…Esta FC representó la capacidad del sistema de conducción para suministrar agua, está muy ligado al ambiente en el cual se desarrolló el genotipo. Así, altos valores de esta FC representan genotipos adaptados a condiciones de alta humedad, al tener mayor capacidad de conducción de agua (vasos pequeños y en alta densidad, así como altos porcentajes de xilema y floema en brote), y genotipos con bajos valores de esta FC indican que están adaptados a déficits hídricos (Vasconcellos & Castle, 1994;Reyes-Santamaría et al, 2002) La proyección de los grupos con base en las dos FC (Figura 2), en donde el almendro y Nemaguard se ubicaron en extremos opuestos en la FC1 (eje abscisas), mientras que los grupos de durazno se localizaron en el centro de este mismo eje, mostró que el almendro, una especie con alta resistencia a sequía (Kester & Grasselly, 1987;Ryugo, 1993), presenta valores bajos en los Cuadro 1. Estadísticos básicos de 25 variables de los grupos de durazno, el portainjerto Nemaguard y un almendro.…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

“…La resistencia a sequía en durazno está caracterizada por un bajo flujo, tanto en xilema como en floema (Huguet et al, 1998). Por otra parte, Reyes-Santamaría et al (2002) encontraron en aguacate presencia de vasos con diámetros menores, para aquellos genotipos que tienen una menor vulnerabilidad.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Las características anatómicas de tamaño de vasos y los porcentajes de xilema y floema, en tallos principales de frutales, son importantes para poder definir la cantidad de agua que pueda transportarse, ya que a medida que los porcentajes de estos tejidos son mayores y el diámetro de vasos menores, la cantidad de agua transportada será mayor, por lo tanto, habrá una mejor adaptación de las plantas a condiciones de alta humedad (Vasconcellos & Castle, 1994;Reyes-Santamaría et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Variabilidad anatómica de los sistemas de conducción y estomático de genotipos de Prunus spp. de diferentes orígenes

Núñez-Colín

Barrientos-Priego

Rodríguez-Pérez

et al. 2006

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumen -El propósito de esta investigación fue estudiar las relaciones ambientales de disponibilidad de humedad, con las características anatómicas del sistema de conducción de agua y estomático, en cinco genotipos de duraznos mexicanos con diferentes orígenes (Jalatzingo y Misantla, Veracruz; Temascaltepec, México; Tulancingo, Oaxaca; Sombrerete, Zacatecas), un almendro y el portainjerto Nemaguard. Fueron caracterizados anatómicamente brotes, hojas y estomas de plántulas de seis meses de edad, mediante 25 caracteres. El almendro y el portainjerto Nemaguard presentaron diferencias con respecto a los duraznos, los cuales tuvieron mayor similitud, aunque mantuvieron una separación acorde con su origen. Los caracteres que diferenciaron los grupos fueron: densidad estomática, grosor de la epidermis superior, número, frecuencia y perímetro de vasos, el índice de vulnerabilidad de la nervadura central, y el porcentaje de médula, xilema y floema del brote. Las condiciones de disponibilidad de humedad del origen presentaron fuerte asociación con las características anatómicas estudiadas, debido a que los ambientes con mayor déficit de humedad (Tulancingo y Sombrerete) presentaron mayor tamaño y menor frecuencia de vasos de xilema, así como bajo porcentaje de xilema y floema en brote, lo que puede interpretarse como adaptaciones de resistencia a sequía. La zona donde es rara la ocurrencia de sequía (Jalatzingo) presentó características opuestas.Términos para indexación: Prunus persica, Prunus dulcis, durazneros, almendro, xilema, estomas. Anatomical variability of water conduction and stomatal systems in genotypes of Prunus spp. of different originsAbstract -The aim of this research was to study the relationships between environmental humidity availability and the anatomical characteristics of water conduction and stomatal systems, in five Mexican peach genotypes with different origins (Jalatzingo and Misantla, Veracruz; Temascaltepec, México; Tulancingo, Oaxaca; Sombrerete, Zacatecas), one almond and Nemaguard rootstock. Shoots, leaves and stomata of six months old plants were anatomically characterized by means of 25 characters. The almond tree and the rootstock Nemaguard showed differences in relation to the peaches, which had higher similarity, although they maintained a separation according to their origin. Groups were differentiated by the following characters: stomatal density; width of the leaf upper epidermis; number, frequency and perimeter of xylem vessels; and the index of vulnerability of the leaf central vein, pith, xylem and phloem percentage of the shoot. The conditions of humidity availability of their origin showed strong association with the studied anatomical characteristics, because the environment with more deficit of humidity (Tulancingo and Sombrerete) showed plants with bigger size and smaller frequency of vessels of xylem, as well as low xylem and phloem percentage in shoot, which can be interpreted as resistance adaptations to drought. The area where the occurrence of drought (Jalatzingo) is r...

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Xylem conductivity and vulnerability in cultivars and races of avocado

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

Wound reaction after bark harvesting: microscopic and macroscopic phenomena in ten medicinal tree species (Benin)

Wound reaction after bark harvesting: microscopic and macroscopic phenomena in ten medicinal tree species (Benin)

Variation in xylem structure and function in roots and stems of scion–rootstock combinations of sweet cherry tree (Prunus avium L.)

Variabilidad anatómica de los sistemas de conducción y estomático de genotipos de Prunus spp. de diferentes orígenes

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