Xylem vulnerability to cavitation varies among poplar and willow clones and correlates with yield

Cochard, Hervé; Casella, Eric; Mencuccini, Maurizio

doi:10.1093/treephys/27.12.1761

Cited by 109 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Within-species variation in hydraulic parameters was found previously for woody species (Matzner et al, 2001;Cochard et al, 2007;Beikircher and Mayr, 2009; Charra-Vaskou et al, 2012) and herbaceous species (Holste et al, 2006;Tixier et al, 2013;Nolf et al, 2014). R. acris was chosen for its wide distribution and broad ecological amplitude and showed trends for intraspecific variation.…”

Section: Intraspecific Acclimationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Herb Hydraulics: Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in Three Ranunculus Species

et al. 2016

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(S.M.).The requirements of the water transport system of small herbaceous species differ considerably from those of woody species. Despite their ecological importance for many biomes, knowledge regarding herb hydraulics remains very limited. We compared key hydraulic features (vulnerability to drought-induced hydraulic decline, pressure-volume relations, onset of cellular damage, in situ variation of water potential, and stomatal conductance) of three Ranunculus species differing in their soil humidity preferences and ecological amplitude. All species were very vulnerable to water stress (50% reduction in whole-leaf hydraulic conductance [k leaf ] at 20.2 to 20.8 MPa). In species with narrow ecological amplitude, the drought-exposed Ranunculus bulbosus was less vulnerable to desiccation (analyzed via loss of k leaf and turgor loss point) than the humidhabitat Ranunculus lanuginosus. Accordingly, water stress-exposed plants from the broad-amplitude Ranunculus acris revealed tendencies toward lower vulnerability to water stress (e.g. osmotic potential at full turgor, cell damage, and stomatal closure) than conspecific plants from the humid site. We show that small herbs can adjust to their habitat conditions on interspecific and intraspecific levels in various hydraulic parameters. The coordination of hydraulic thresholds (50% and 88% loss of k leaf , turgor loss point, and minimum in situ water potential) enabled the study species to avoid hydraulic failure and damage to living cells. Reversible recovery of hydraulic conductance, desiccation-tolerant seeds, or rhizomes may allow them to prioritize toward a more efficient but vulnerable water transport system while avoiding the severe effects that water stress poses on woody species.

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Section: Intraspecific Acclimationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Herb Hydraulics: Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in Three Ranunculus Species

et al. 2016

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“…Rotor velocity was monitored with an electronic tachymeter (10 rpm resolution) and xylem pressure was adjusted at approximately 60.02 MPa. Following Pammenter and Vander Willigen (1998) and Cochard et al (2007b), a sigmoid function was fitted to each curve: where P 50 is the pressure causing 50 PLC and s is a slope parameter. P 50 and s values were averaged for each treatment and t tests were used to compare treatments.…”

Section: Effects Of Surface Tension On Xylem Cavitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into the Mechanisms of Water-Stress-Induced Cavitation in Conifers

et al. 2009

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Cavitation resistance is a key parameter to understand tree drought tolerance but little is known about the mechanisms of air entry into xylem conduits. For conifers three mechanisms have been proposed: (1) a rupture of pit margo microfibrils, (2) a displacement of the pit torus from its normal sealing position over the pit aperture, and (3) a rupture of an air-water menisci in a pore of the pit margo. In this article, we report experimental results on three coniferous species suggesting additional mechanisms. First, when xylem segments were injected with a fluid at a pressure sufficient to aspirate pit tori and well above the pressure for cavitation induction we failed to detect the increase in sample conductance that should have been caused by torus displacement from blocking the pit aperture or by membrane rupture. Second, by injecting xylem samples with different surfactant solutions, we found a linear relation between sample vulnerability to cavitation and fluid surface tension. This suggests that cavitation in conifers could also be provoked by the capillary failure of an air-water meniscus in coherence with the prediction of Young-Laplace's equation. Within the bordered pit membrane, the exact position of this capillary seeding is unknown. The possible Achilles' heel could be the seal between tori and pit walls or holes in the torus. The mechanism of water-stress-induced cavitation in conifers could then be relatively similar to the one currently proposed for angiosperms.

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“…Various physiological traits have been used to investigate the adaptations of poplars to water stress as regulation of leaf stomatal conductance, osmotic adjustments, capacity to repair xylem cavitation, increased biomass allocation to roots, etc. In woody species, xylem vulnerability to cavitation has been extensively used to assess tolerance to drought (Cochard, Casella, & Mencuccini, 2007). Stomatal regulation is a useful mechanism to reduce water loss through transpiration and to optimize water resources when evaporative demand is high (Navarro, Facciotto, Campi, & Mastrorilli, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic variation in transpiration of coppiced poplar during the third rotation of a short‐rotation bio‐energy culture

et al. 2018

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The productivity of short‐rotation coppice (SRC) plantations with poplar (Populus spp.) strongly depends on soil water availability, which limits the future development of its cultivation, and makes the study of the transpirational water loss particularly timely under the ongoing climate change (more frequent drought and floods). This study assesses the transpiration at different scales (leaf, tree and stand) of four poplar genotypes belonging to different species and from a different genetic background grown under an SRC regime. Measurements were performed for an entire growing season during the third year of the third rotation in a commercial scale multigenotype SRC plantation in Flanders (Belgium). Measurements at leaf level were performed on specific days with a contrasted evaporative demand, temperature and incoming shortwave radiation and included stomatal conductance, stem and leaf water potential. Leaf transpiration and leaf hydraulic conductance were obtained from these measurements. To determine the transpiration at the tree level, single‐stem sap flow using the stem heat balance (SHB) method and daily stem diameter variations were measured during the entire growing season. Sap flow‐based canopy transpiration (E c), seasonal dry biomass yield, and water use efficiency (WUE; g aboveground dry matter/kg water transpired) of the four poplar genotypes were also calculated. The genotypes had contrasting physiological responses to environmental drivers and to soil conditions. Sap flow was tightly linked to the phenological stage of the trees and to the environmental variables (photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit). The total E c for the 2016 growing season was of 334, 350, 483 and 618 mm for the four poplar genotypes, Bakan, Koster, Oudenberg and Grimminge, respectively. The differences in physiological traits and in transpiration of the four genotypes resulted in different responses of WUE.

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Xylem vulnerability to cavitation varies among poplar and willow clones and correlates with yield

Cited by 109 publications

References 27 publications

Herb Hydraulics: Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in Three Ranunculus Species

Herb Hydraulics: Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in Three Ranunculus Species

New Insights into the Mechanisms of Water-Stress-Induced Cavitation in Conifers

Genotypic variation in transpiration of coppiced poplar during the third rotation of a short‐rotation bio‐energy culture

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