YBX has functional roles in CpG-ODN against cold stress and bacterial infection of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

Zhao, Zengjue; He, Rongxiao; Chu, Pinpin; Cai, Hao; Shen, Haokun; Zhao, Zitong; Feng, Saixiang; Cao, Ding; Liao, Ming; Gan, Guanhua; Ye, Hejia; Chen, Ziyang; Qiu, Weihong; Deng, Jinbo; Ming, Feiping; Ma, Miaopeng; Jia, Junhao; Wu, Jiahui; Huang, Haobin; Sun, Chongjun; Li, Jiayi; Zhang, Linghua

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.018

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Since IFN-γ and IL-12 are Th1 cytokines acting in the Th1 immune responses, which is beneficial for preventing infections [ 54 , 57 ], our results displaying the upregulated level of these cytokines were in correspondence with the above data of bacterial invasion, phagocytosis, and clearance. Moreover, our former findings reported that the sustained upregulation of IFN-γ was advantageous to bacterial clearance [ 11 , 23 ]. Furthermore, in animals, IL-12 can activate the natural killer cells to produce IFN-γ, while in return, IFN-γ can activate macrophages to produce IL-12, so a self-amplifying loop is formed [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher expression of IL-12 in this study indicated that LACpG10-HL could boost the loop to induce Th1 immune responses. As for the results of IL-1β, they guided us to our previous studies, which revealed that IL-1β was upregulated by our stimulant at the early stage of infection, but it was downregulated to maintain the normal inflammatory level after the invaded bacteria were cleared [ 10 , 11 ]. Notably, combining the lower bacterial invasion with the experimental results of cytokines in IPEC-J2, we believe that LACpG10-HL has an immunoprotective effect on intestinal enterocytes, the first line of anti-infectious defense against invaded bacteria [ 60 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strikingly, synthetic oligonucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG-ODNs), which are recognized by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 in mammals while by TLR21 in avian and teleost, can precisely meet the demands [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Accumulating evidence showed that CpG-ODNs are excellent modulators for innate immune response in protecting hosts of different species from infections [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Meanwhile, applications of CpG-ODNs as vaccine adjuvants (acquired immunoenhancers) in COVID-19 and Hepatitis B vaccines demonstrated their undeniable safety [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LACpG10-HL Functions Effectively in Antibiotic-Free and Healthy Husbandry by Improving the Innate Immunity

Pan

Zhao

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Antibiotics are broadly restricted in modern husbandry farming, necessitating the need for efficient and low-cost immunomodulatory preparations in antibiotic-free and healthful farming. As is known to all, CpG oligonucleotides (CpG-ODNs, an effective innate immunostimulatory agent) recognized by TLR9 in mammals (while TLR21 in avians) could collaborate with some united agent to induce stronger immune responses, but the cost is prohibitively expensive for farmers. Here, considering the coordination between TLR2 and TLR9/TLR21, we firstly proposed the idea that the well-fermented Lactococcus lactis could be utilized as a CpG-plasmid carrier (LACpG10) to enhance the host's innate immunity against pathogenic invasion. In the present study, after obtaining LACpG10-HL from homogenized and lyophilized recombinant strain LACpG10, we treated primary chicken lymphocytes, two cell lines (HD11 and IPEC-J2), and chickens with LACpG10-HL, CpG plasmids (pNZ8148-CpG10), and other stimulants, and respectively confirmed the effects by conducting qRT-PCR, bacterial infection assays, and a zoological experiment. Our data showed that LACpG10-HL could induce excellent innate immunity by regulating autophagy reactions, cytokine expression, and motivating PRRs. Interestingly, despite having no direct antiseptic effect, LACpG10-HL improved the antibacterial capacities of lymphocytes and enterocytes at the first line of defense. Most importantly, water-supplied LACpG10-HL treatment reduced the average adverse event rates, demonstrating that LACpG10-HL maintained its excellent immunostimulatory and protective properties under farming conditions. Our research not only contributes to revealing the satisfactory effects of LACpG10-HL but also sheds new light on a cost-effective solution with optimal immune effects in green, antibiotic-free, and healthful husbandry farming.

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