Yeast-Fermented Rapeseed Meal Extract Is Able to Reduce Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Caused by Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharides and to Replace ZnO in Caco-2/HTX29 Co-Culture Cells

Abstract

(1) The present study tested in vitro the capacity of a fermented rapeseed meal extract to reduce medicinal ZnO, which will be banned at the EU level from 2023 onwards because of its potential to cause environmental pollution and the development of Zn resistance in gut bacteria. Rapeseed meal could be an important ZnO substitute as it has antioxidant/radical scavenging properties due to its content of bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols). (2) Protein array and flow cytometry were used to detect apoptosis, oxidative stress production, and inflammatory and signaling-related molecules in Caco-2 and goblet HT29-MTX co-culture cells challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides and treated with ZnO and FRSM. (3) LPS induced cell death (21.1% vs. 12.7% in control, p < 0.005); apoptosis (16.6%); ROS production; and overexpression of biomarkers related to inflammation (63.15% cytokines and 66.67% chemokines), oxidative stress, and signaling proteins when compared to untreated cells. ZnO was effective in counteracting the effect of LPS, and 73.68% cytokines and 91.67% of chemokines were recovered. FRSM was better at restoring normal protein expression for 78.94% of cytokines, 91.67% of chemokines, and 61.11% of signaling molecules. FRSM was able to mitigate negative effects of LPS and might be an alternative to ZnO in pig diets.

Palm Kernel Cake Extracts Obtained from the Combination of Bacterial Fermentation and Enzymic Hydrolysis Promote Swine Small Intestine IPEC-J2 Cell Proliferation and Alleviate LPS-Induced Inflammation In Vitro

“…These results suggest that the regulation of PKCOS on the mRNA expression of TNF-α and CASP3 may result from multi-target genes and play a protective role in the LPS-induced apoptosis of IPEC cells. Similar to the other oligosaccharides obtained from plant/food/feed reported by other researchers [58], PKCOS presented anti-inflammatory effects through downregulating the expressions of target genes associated with cell death, such as CASP3 and TNF-α.…”

Effect of mixed meal replacement of soybean meal on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, and gut microbiota of finishing pigs

“…Previous research has demonstrated that substituting soybean meal with fermented canola meal leads to a significant elevation in serum CAT activity and a notable reduction in MDA levels ( P < 0.05) in growing pigs ( 31 ). Additionally, there is evidence suggesting that fermented rapeseed meal extracts are capable of mitigating oxidative stress ( 33 ). The marked divergence between the outcomes of these studies and our own may stem from the fact that the mixed meal utilized in our experimental design was not subjected to a fermentation process.…”

Enhancing nutrient digestibility and antioxidant efficacy in piglets: The impact of fermented rapeseed meal supplementation on biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers

“…A significant phenolic component in rapeseed meal is sinapine, which accounts for up to 80% of all phenols and is known for its robust antioxidant properties (Liu et al, 2023). The mechanism of polyphenols in antioxidative defense primarily involves scavenging reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl and superoxide radicals (Zhao et al, 2021), and chelating transition metal ions like Fe +2 , which are known to generate free oxygen radicals (Taranu et al, 2022).…”