Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control and Tuber Production with Glyphosate and ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides¹

Abstract

Greenhouse and field research evaluated yellow nutsedge growth, vegetative control, and tuber production after application of glyphosate, various acetolactase synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides, and tank mixtures thereof. Yellow nutsedge was controlled by the herbicides halosulfuron at 35 g ai/ha, chlorimuron at 12 g ai/ha, and imazethapyr–imazapyr at 62 g ai/ha (> 70% control); imazethapyr at 70 g ai/ha, glyphosate at 840 g ae/ha, cloransulam at 17.5 g ai/ha, and rimsulfuron at 17.5 g ai/ha (40 to 70% control); and imazamox at 45 g ai/ha (< 40% control). Compared with the untreated control, tuber fresh weight in the field was reduced 45 to 91%, and tuber density was reduced 33 to 90% by all herbicide treatments 42 wk after treatment (WAT) except imazamox and rimsulfuron. Tuber sprouting was reduced to 19% in plots treated with halosulfuron and pyrithiobac compared with untreated yellow nutsedge 42 WAT. Chlorimuron and imazethapyr–imazapyr controlled yellow nutsedge at least 90%, prevented panicle formation, and reduced tuber density and fresh weight by 90% or more 14 WAT in the greenhouse. The addition of glyphosate to cloransulam or imazethapyr increased yellow nutsedge control and reduced tuber density and fresh weight when compared with either ALS-inhibiting herbicide or glyphosate applied alone. Tuber density data indicated that there were 8 tubers for every gram of tubers harvested. Yellow nutsedge height was 15 to 20 cm 4 to 5 wk after tillage, using growth analysis data. Long-term yellow nutsedge management may be aided with treatments that reduce tuber production.

Evaluation of Sulfonylurea Herbicides on Cool and Warm Season Turf Species

“…Sulfonylurea herbicides can be used for grassy weed control as soil and foliar applications (10). This class of herbicides has been studied extensively for use in agricultural crops (4,5), and has been utilized for sedge control in turf (1,8). However, many of the new chemicals have not been fully tested for safety or control of turf species.…”

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Response to Soil- and Foliar-Applied Mesotrione

“…comprise many turfgrass weeds. Yellow nutsedge is a perennial weed that is difficult to control in turfgrass because of its ability to propagate via underground tubers (Nelson and Renner 2002;Tumbleson and Kommedahl 1961). Large crabgrass is an annual grassy weed that is selectively controlled in turfgrass by both PRE and POST herbicide applications (Bhowmik and Bingham 1990;Dernoeden and Krouse 1991;Johnson 1975).…”

Residual Herbicide Dissipation in Vegetable Production

“…Halosulfuron (Grichar et al, 2003;Nelson & Renner, 2002;Vencill et al, 1995), sulfentrazone (Grichar et al, 2003;Wehtje et al, 1997), and metolachlor (Cornelius et al, 1985;Obrigawitch et al, 1980) provide soil residual activity on Cyperus species with control often extending for many weeks or months after applications. While these herbicides are viable alternatives to fumigation in vegetable production, they may cause injury to newly transplanted crops (Figure 2), and potential carryover issues to subsequent crops.…”