Yield Loss in Garlic Caused byLeek yellow stripe virusArgentinean Isolate

Abstract

Garlic plants (Allium sativum) are naturally infected by a complex of viruses in the genera Potyvirus, Carlavirus, and Allexivirus. The yield of virus-free garlic plants (noninoculated control) was compared with that of plants infected with an Argentinean isolate of Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV; L treatment) and garlic plants infected with the virus complex (VC). Evaluations were conducted in the field and in anti-aphid cages during two crop cycles after planting three sizes of cloves (categories). The percent plant emergence in the noninoculated control and in the L treatments (between 80 and 100%) did not differ statistically, but the percent emergence for these two treatments was double that for the VC treatment (25 to 62%). Plant height and leaf number in the L treatment were lower than in the noninoculated control during the first evaluation (year 1), but they did not differ during the second evaluation (year 2). However, both treatments produced taller plants with more leaves than those of VC in both years. The L treatment decreased bulb weight up to 28% and perimeter up to 9% when compared with those in the noninoculated control maintained in the anti-aphid cages until the end of the experiment. However, differences between these treatments were higher in the field experiments where plants were exposed to infection by other viruses (up to 36% in bulb weight and 13% in perimeter). Bulbs of the VC-infected plant treatment were reduced up to 74% in weight and 37% in perimeter. In field evaluations, a high percentage of plants were infected with Onion yellow dwarf virus (58 to 100%), whereas fewer were infected with LYSV (15 to 68%). Garlic virus A infection was high in plants previously infected with LYSV (96 and 97%), but lower in the noninoculated control (12 and 68%). These results show the high impact of the virus complex on garlic yield and the effect of LYSV as a component of the garlic virus complex.

A baculovirus-mediated strategy for full-length plant virus coat protein expression and purification

“…In Brazil alone, three virus genera related to garlic mosaic symptoms [3] were found: Potyvirus [ Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV)] [23], Carlavirus [ Garlic common latent virus (GCLV) and Shallot latent virus (SLV)] [23,24], and Allexivirus , [ Garlic miteborne filamentous virus (GarMbFV), Garlic virus C (GarV-C) and Garlic virus D (GarV-D)] [8,25]. Notably, a symptomatic plant was found to be negative for GarMbFV, in both dot-ELISA and RT-PCR tests, suggesting that the produced antiserum did not cross-react to other viruses in the complex, although more experiments are necessary to confirm this result.…”

“…Garlic, for instance, has no virus-free cultivars, which represents a serious problem due to economic losses and the difficulties of controlling disease. Considering all agronomic parameters important for garlic production, bulb growth is the most severely affected by virus infections, causing a decrease in productivity and quality, with a reduction of up to 88% of the weight [1-3]. In fact, the introduction of the first virus-free cultivars produced in Brazil by thermotherapy and stem-tip culture has resulted in improved yields [4].…”

Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Coat Protein Gene of <I>Leek Yellow Stripe Virus</I> Infecting Garlic in India

“…In India, six viruses belonging to four different taxonomic groups namely, Allexivirus (Garlic virus X; Garv-X), Potyvirus (Onion yellow dwarf virus; OYDV and Leek yellow stripe virus; LYSV), Carlavirus (Garlic common latent virus; GarCLV and Shallot latent virus; SLV), Tospovirus (Iris yellow spot virus; IYSV) has been reported to infect garlic (Ghosh and Ahlawat, 1997;Majumder and Baranwal, 2009;Gawande et al, 2010;Baranwal et al, 2011;Gupta et al, 2013). Mixed viral infection results in mosaic pattern, chlorotic streaking, mottling, twisting with curling of leaves and stunting of plants, leading to the formation of small bulbs and cloves, and reduction in the yield to the tune of 78% with respect to bulb weight (Lot et al, 1998;Conci et al, 2003;Lunello et al, 2007). Potyviruses are responsible for the major economic loss in garlic globally, causing severe bulb weight reduction (Lunello et al, 2007;Bagi et al, 2012).…”

Incidence of Garlic common latent virus in Argentina, and phylogenetic and recombination analyses of isolates

“…Although these infections do not kill the plants, they can cause important yield losses (Walkey & Antill, 1989;Conci, 1997;Canavelli et al, 1998;Conci et al, 2003;Lunello et al, 2007;Perotto et al, 2010). These viruses are widespread in garlic plants throughout the world due to the exclusively agamic propagation of the species.…”