You Are What You Eat: A Case of Nematode-Induced Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Rezapour, Mona; Agarwal, Nikhil

doi:10.14309/crj.2017.13

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Intestinal anisakiasis presents with distension and intense abdominal pain 5–7 days after the parasite is ingested ( Bouree et al., 1995 , Chai et al., 2005 , Chopra et al., 2016 ). Other atypical forms of presentation described in the literature include cases of eosinophilic esophagitis, upper gastrointestinal bleeding and gastroesophageal reflux disease ( Ghimire et al., 2016 , Rezapour and Agarwal, 2017 , Uehara and Okumura, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisakidae nematodes isolated from the flathead grey mullet fish (Mugil cephalus) of Buenaventura, Colombia

Castellanos

Tangua

Salazar

2017

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Anisakiasis is a parasitic infection caused by larval stages of nematodes of the genus Anisakis, Pseudoterranova and Contracaecum, of the Anisakidae family. The lifecycle of these nematodes develops in aquatic organisms and their final hosts are marine mammals. However, humans can act as accidental hosts and become infected with infective stage larvae (L3) by consuming raw or undercooked fish or shellfish carrying the parasite. Of this group of parasites, the genus Anisakis is the most studied: its presence in humans is associated with non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms or allergic responses that can trigger anaphylactic shock. The lack of studies in anisakiasis and Anisakis in Colombia has resulted in this infection being little-known by medical practitioners and therefore potentially underreported. The objective of this study was to identify anisakid nematodes in the flathead grey mullet fish (Mugil cephalus), caught by artisanal fishing methods and commercialized in Buenaventura. Morphological identification was carried out by classical taxonomy complemented by microscopy study using the histochemical technique Hematoxylin-Eosin. Nematodes of the genus Anisakis were found in the host M. cephalus. The Prevalence of Anisakis larvae in flathead grey mullet fish was 33%. The findings confirm the presence of Anisakis sp. in fish for human consumption in the Colombian Pacific region, a justification for further investigation into a possible emerging disease in this country.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisakidae nematodes isolated from the flathead grey mullet fish (Mugil cephalus) of Buenaventura, Colombia

Castellanos

Tangua

Salazar

2017

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…A hallmark of eosinophils is their role in helminthic infection resulting in a migration to areas of parasitic infection [96]. Although the majority of cases results in an eosinophilic infiltration of the ileum or appendix, case reports found EE in patients with pinworm infection (Enterobius vermicularis) [142] and with anisakiasis [143].…”

Section: Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eosinophilic esophagitis—established facts and new horizons

2021

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Despite dramatic advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis and course of disease in the relatively short timeframe since the discovery and first description of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) less than three decades ago, many open questions remain to be elucidated. For instance, we will need to better characterize atypical clinical presentations of EoE and other forms of esophageal inflammatory conditions with often similar clinical presentations, nut fulfilling current diagnostic criteria for EoE and to determine their significance and interrelationship with genuine EoE. In addition, the interrelationship of EoE with other immune-mediated diseases remains to be clarified. Hopefully, a closer look at the role of environmental factors and their interaction with genetic susceptibility often in context of atopic predisposition may enable identifying the candidate substances/agents/allergens and potentially earlier (childhood) events to trigger the condition. It appears plausible to assume that in the end—comparable to current concepts in other immune-mediated chronic diseases, such as for instance inflammatory bowel disease or asthma bronchiale—we will not be rewarded with the identification of a “one-and-only” underlying pathogenetic trigger factor, with causal responsibility for the disease in each and every EoE patient. Rather, the relative contribution and importance of intrinsic susceptibility, i.e., patient-driven factors (genetics, aberrant immune response) and external trigger factors, such as food (or aero-) allergens as well as early childhood events (e.g., infection and exposure to antibiotics and other drugs) may substantially differ among given individuals with EoE. Accordingly, selection and treatment duration of medical therapy, success rates and extent of required restriction in dietary treatment, and the need for mechanical treatment to address strictures and stenosis require an individualized approach, tailored to each patient. With the advances of emerging treatment options, the importance of such an individualized and patient-centered assessment will increase even further.

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“…simplex s.s has been described more frequently in countries where the consumption of raw fish meat is a culinary tradition, such as in Japan, Peru and Mexico [ 119 ]. More than 90% of the zoonosis cases reported in humans have been in Japan, about 2000 cases/year being registered [ 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 ]. In Europe, 500 cases/year are reported, in Germany, France, Spain and the Netherlands [ 124 , 125 , 126 ] ( Table 2 , Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genera and Species of the Anisakidae Family and Their Geographical Distribution

Ángeles-Hernández

Gómez-De-Anda

Rodríguez

et al. 2020

Animals

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Nematodes of the Anisakidae family have the ability to infest a wide variety of aquatic hosts during the development of their larval stages, mainly marine mammals, aquatic birds, such as pelicans, and freshwater fish, such crucian carp, these being the hosts where the life cycle is completed. The participation of intermediate hosts such as cephalopods, shrimp, crustaceans and marine fish, is an important part of this cycle. Due to morphological changes and updates to the genetic information of the different members of the family, the purpose of this review was to carry out a bibliographic search of the genus and species of the Anisakidae family identified by molecular tests, as well as the geographical area in which they were collected. The Anisakidae family is made up of eight different parasitic genera and 46 different species. Those of clinical importance to human health are highlighted: Anisakis pegreffi, A. simplexsensu stricto, Contracaecumosculatum, Pseudoterranova azarazi, P. cattani, P. decipiens and P. krabbei. The geographical distribution of these genera and species is located mainly in the European continent, Asia and South America, as well as in North and Central America and Australia. Based on the information collected from the Anisakidae family, it was determined that the geographical distribution is affected by different environmental factors, the host and the ability of the parasite itself to adapt. Its ability to adapt to the human organism has led to it being considered as a zoonotic agent. The disease in humans manifests nonspecifically, however the consumption of raw or semi-raw seafood is crucial information to link the presentation of the parasite with the disease. The use of morphological and molecular tests is of utmost importance for the correct diagnosis of the genus and species of the Anisakidae family.

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You Are What You Eat: A Case of Nematode-Induced Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Anisakidae nematodes isolated from the flathead grey mullet fish (Mugil cephalus) of Buenaventura, Colombia

Anisakidae nematodes isolated from the flathead grey mullet fish (Mugil cephalus) of Buenaventura, Colombia

Eosinophilic esophagitis—established facts and new horizons

Genera and Species of the Anisakidae Family and Their Geographical Distribution

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