Young and under the influence: A systematic literature review of the impact of cannabis on the driving performance of youth

Alvarez, Liliana; Colonna, Robert; Kim, Sean; Chen, Caron; Chippure, Katherine; Grewal, Jasleen; Kimm, Chris; Randell, Travis; Leung, Victoria

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2020.105961

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Indeed, a recently published meta-analysis of the effects of cannabis on driving concluded that cannabis increases reaction time and impairs measures of lane control. Cannabis also decreases speed and alters headway distance (Alvarez et al, 2021).…”

Section: Overview Of the Effects Of Alcohol Or Cannabis Alone On Simu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of combining alcohol and cannabis on driving, breath alcohol level, blood THC, cognition, and subjective effects: A narrative review.

Fares¹,

Wright²,

Matheson³

et al. 2022

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Alcohol and cannabis are the two most commonly found intoxicating substances in fatally injured drivers. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the use of alcohol or cannabis can lead to an increase in the risk of a motor vehicle collision. Reducing the risks associated with driving under the influence of alcohol or cannabis is achieved partly through roadside detection of breath alcohol concentrations (BrAC) or blood delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels. The purpose of the present review is to compile the laboratory studies on the combined effects of alcohol and cannabis on simulated driving as well as those evaluating combinations of these drugs on BrAC or blood THC. Given that driving can be affected by a number of cognitive processes, the literature on the cognitive effects of combinations of alcohol and cannabis is also reviewed, along with a discussion of a potential additive effect on the subjective qualities of these drugs. In sum, it is concluded that alcohol and cannabis have additive effects on driving skills, cognition and subjective effects. Public Health SignificanceAlcohol and cannabis are the two most commonly found intoxicating substances in fatally injured drivers. In the present review, we present evidence that the use of these two drugs at the same time produces additive effects on driving and other measures. Despite this, evidence that breath alcohol levels or blood delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are impacted by co-use of these drugs is inconclusive.

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Section: Overview Of the Effects Of Alcohol Or Cannabis Alone On Simu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of combining alcohol and cannabis on driving, breath alcohol level, blood THC, cognition, and subjective effects: A narrative review.

Fares¹,

Wright²,

Matheson³

et al. 2022

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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“…The present study, designed as a scoping review, joins the efforts of other authors who have conducted review articles related to the study of various topics in driving sim-ulators, such as the impact of cannabis on the driving performance of novice drivers [ 6 ], road geometric design effects on driver behavior [ 7 ], awareness of sleepiness while driv-ing [ 8 ], the influence of alcohol on driving behavior [ 9 ], sleepiness detection [ 10 ], drowsi-ness effect [ 11 ], fitness to drive in sleepy individuals [ 12 ], relationship between impact speed and the probability of pedestrian fatality during a vehicle–pedestrian crash [ 13 ], driving simulator validation [ 14 ], driving simulation technology and applications [ 15 ], and driving performance parameters critical for distracted driving research [ 16 ]. A systematic search of the literature was performed to highlight the studies conducted in driving simulators that are focused on the detection of distractions caused by the use of mobile phones and what is the knowledge that emerges from these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Talking on the Phone While Driving: A Literature Review on Driving Simulator Studies

Boboc

Voinea

Buzdugan

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Distracted driving is a growing concern around the world and has been the focus of many naturalistic and simulator-based studies. Driving simulators provide excellent practical and theoretical help in studying the driving process, and considerable efforts have been made to prove their validity. This research aimed to review relevant simulator-based studies focused on investigating the effects of the talking-on-the-phone-while-driving distraction on drivers’ behavior. This work is a scoping review which followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The search was performed on five databases, covering twenty years of research results. It was focused on finding answers to three research questions that could offer an overview of the main sources of distraction, the research infrastructure, and the measures that were used to analyze and predict the effects of distractions. A number of 4332 studies were identified in the database search, from which 83 were included in the review. The main findings revealed that TPWD distraction negatively affects driving performance, exposing drivers to dangerous traffic situations. Moreover, there is a general understanding that the driver’s cognitive, manual, visual, and auditory resources are all involved, to a certain degree, when executing a secondary task while driving.

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“…Cannabis use has been associated with changes in one's driving ability and linked to speci c vehicle operation behaviours such as reduced driving speed, reaction time, headway distance, a higher frequency of lane changes, and overall diminished visual function (Alvarez et al, 2021;Asbridge et al, 2012;Crean et al, 2011;Bondallaz et al, 2016;Rogeberg et al, 2018). Driving under the in uence of cannabis (DUIC) has been identi ed as the most common potentially harmful cannabis consumption-related behaviour (Alvarez et al, 2021;Cantor et al, 2021). Cannabis is one of the most common substances involved in car crashes and accounts for 20% of fatal DUI crashes (Beirness & Porath-Waller, 2019;Brubacher et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cannabis is one of the most common substances involved in car crashes and accounts for 20% of fatal DUI crashes (Beirness & Porath-Waller, 2019;Brubacher et al, 2020). More speci cally, recent national data supports that the highest prevalence of risk for engaging DUIC-related behaviours continues to be observed among Canadians aged 15 to 24 years of age (Alvarez et al, 2021;Health Canada, 2021a;Health Canada, 2021b). Alarmingly high prevalence rates of Canadian youth cannabis consumers have been previously reported with upwards of 64% of males and 33% of females reporting having previously DUIC (Brubacher et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cannabis-impairment tends to be strongest for non-regular consumers; however, frequent consumers are not immune to de cits exerted on one's executive control over their cognitive and psychomotor responses (Alvarez et al, 2021;Asbridge et al, 2012;Crean et al, 2011;Bondallaz et al, 2016;Rogeberg et al, 2018). Impairment can lead to de cits in cognitive abilities, including but not limited to attentional capacity, concentration, and decision making (Bondallez et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Driving under the Influence of Cannabis: Perceptions from Canadian Youth

Donnan

Drakes

Rowe

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Cannabis legalization is intended to protect the public from potential harm by restricting access and promoting greater awareness of cannabis-related risks. Youth are at a greater risk for experiencing road-related harms due to their own or others' use of cannabis. This qualitative research explored youths' perceptions about cannabis and road safety. Methods A qualitative study using focus groups (FG) was conducted with youth (age 13–18) and young adults (age 19–25) who resided in Newfoundland and Labrador. Using semi-structured interview questions, the facilitator asked participants to share their opinions about cannabis and road safety. All sessions were hosted virtually using Zoom with recruitment until saturation was met. All sessions were audio recorded, de-identified, and transcribed. Analysis utilized an inductive thematic approach using NVivo. Results Six youth (n = 38) and five young adult (n = 53) FG were conducted. Five prominent themes emerged throughout discussions across both age groups including: a) normalization of driving under the influence of cannabis, b) knowledge and awareness, c) perceptions of risk, d) modes of transportation, and e) detection. Variation in perceptions appeared to be influenced by lack of awareness of the impact of cannabis on driving ability, residence in urban versus rural locations, type of vehicle driven (e.g., car vs. off-road vehicles), and gender. Conclusion The themes uncovered from this research will help inform future enhancement of cannabis policy to ensure the safety of all citizens. These findings will also support the inclusion of youth-focused education that will equip youth with informed decision-making strategies regarding road safety. Furthermore, these findings can be utilized to inform the refinement of cannabis driving policies to ensure the safety of all citizens on or off the road.

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Young and under the influence: A systematic literature review of the impact of cannabis on the driving performance of youth

Cited by 31 publications

References 49 publications

Effects of combining alcohol and cannabis on driving, breath alcohol level, blood THC, cognition, and subjective effects: A narrative review.

Effects of combining alcohol and cannabis on driving, breath alcohol level, blood THC, cognition, and subjective effects: A narrative review.

Talking on the Phone While Driving: A Literature Review on Driving Simulator Studies

Driving under the Influence of Cannabis: Perceptions from Canadian Youth

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