Young women requesting emergency contraception are, despite contraceptive counseling, a high risk group for new unintended pregnancies

Falk, Gabriella; Falk, Lars; Hanson, Ulf; Milsom, Ian

doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(01)00225-6

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Although access to services, education and counseling are of course important, this remains a microscopic and simplistic view of women's realities which may lead to blaming the victim, as access to services and education do not necessarily translate into the reduction of the risk of new unplanned pregnancies [10]. Nor do they mean that the freedom to choose and act on the choice made, or that the basic human right of couples and individuals to achieve the desired family size responsibly and freely [11] is realized through contraceptive and abortion service provision alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palestinian women's pregnancy intentions: Analysis and critique of the Demographic and Health Survey 2004

et al. 2008

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palestinian women's pregnancy intentions: Analysis and critique of the Demographic and Health Survey 2004

et al. 2008

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“…This appears to suggest that sexually active females may be more pro-active in addressing the consequences of their risky sexual behaviour than males through taking a more responsible attitude to their sexual health. This may be due in part to the additional risk of pregnancy as a result of unprotected sex for females, which may result in accessing family planning clinics which may heighten awareness of the need for STD testing (Falk, Falk, Hanson, & Milsom, 2001;National Health Service, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, in Northern Ireland sexual health education and drugs education are delivered through separate modules within school curriculums, these findings would suggest that more information should be supplied to school aged young people which address the close association between these risky behaviours and the potential consequences for health. However, it is recognized that knowledge of risks and consequences is often insufficient to reduce participation in risky behaviours (Falk et al, 2001;Maswanya et al, 1999), and more attention needs to be given to understanding how young people conceptualize risk and undertake riskanalysis decisions in order to develop interventions which can successfully impact upon youth sexual health and related risks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex, drugs and STDs: Preliminary findings from the Belfast Youth Development Study

McAloney

McCrystal

Percy

2010

Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy

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Young people's participation in sexual risk behaviours is commonly linked with participation in a range of other risky behaviours, and in particular with substance use behaviours. This cross-sectional analysis of the sixth sweep of the Belfast Youth Development Study aimed to examine associations between substance use and sexual activity and related risks among 17-19-year olds in Northern Ireland. Being sexual activity and participating in sexual risk behaviours was associated with the use of a range of licit and illicit substances particularly alcohol and ecstasy. Additionally, females were more likely to have been tested for a sexually transmitted disease (STD). The findings add to the existing research body suggesting that substance misuse and sexual risk behaviours tend to co-occur in adolescence and highlight a need to develop appropriate interventions and initiatives for school aged young people.

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“…However, in another study, one pregnancy occurred in 134 young Swedish women who received EC during 1998-1999. None of these women had a positive Chlamydia test (Falk et al 2001).…”

Section: Risk Of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Side-effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Emergency contraception: a contraceptive intervention approaching target despite controversy and opposition

Sarkar

2006

J Public Health

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The objective of this study is to make the public aware of progress, safety, effectiveness of use, acceptance, and over-the-counter availability of emergency contraception (EC). Data were extracted from the literature for the period 2000-2006 via MEDLINE using a keyword, and also from some pre-2000 journals. Randomised trials, reviews, surveys, clinical investigations, and articles relevant to the subject matter are considered in this review. Approximately 85%, 57% and 84% of unintended pregnancy could be prevented by using levonorgestrel, the Yuzpe regimen (levonorgestrel plus ethinylestradiol), and mifepristone, respectively, as EC. Levonorgestrel was more effective than the Yuzpe regimen in preventing pregnancy. A dose of 1.5 mg levonorgestrel seemed to have similar effectiveness as that of split doses (0.75 mg twice) at 12 h apart, and that of a low-dose (10 mg) of mifepristone. Nausea and vomiting, dizzy spells and fatigue were less frequent in women using levonorgestrel only than in those receiving the Yuzpe regimen. The mode of action of EC is associated primarily with inhibition of ovulation. EC acts before implantation and hence does not amount to abortion. Teenagers are more likely to be repeat users of EC. Easy access to EC over the counter is likely to increase its use but will widen the chance of misuse or abuse. Both adolescents and health care providers need to be adequately educated and informed about EC to make this method successful. Over the counter supply of EC without prescription but with pharmacists' counselling may increase reduction of unintended pregnancy and abortion. The controversy surrounding, and opposition to, EC may subside with more awareness and knowledge among the public about its mode of action, safety and effectiveness. Educational programmes on EC and further studies on the psychosocial aspects of its use may resolve hurdles for implementation of 'advance provision' or 'over the counter supply' of EC in the community.

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Young women requesting emergency contraception are, despite contraceptive counseling, a high risk group for new unintended pregnancies

Cited by 45 publications

References 24 publications

Palestinian women's pregnancy intentions: Analysis and critique of the Demographic and Health Survey 2004

Palestinian women's pregnancy intentions: Analysis and critique of the Demographic and Health Survey 2004

Sex, drugs and STDs: Preliminary findings from the Belfast Youth Development Study

Emergency contraception: a contraceptive intervention approaching target despite controversy and opposition

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