“…As expected, this factor structure can be divided into positive (environmental improvements, decline of terrorist threats, and traffic relief) and negative impacts (community deconsolidation, knowledge and entertainment diminution, community visibility and image deterioration, economic problems, and decline in socio-cultural exchange). This is also consistent with many previous findings on the perceived impacts of sporting events (see [1,10,21,22,24,26,28,29,31,38,39,43,44]). However, two minor deviations arise within the items.…”