2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.mset.2021.08.007
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Zeolite-β based molecular sieves: A potential catalyst for esterification of biomass derived model compound levulinic acid

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Cited by 10 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…FTIR is another important analytical technique used for the characterization of catalysts, given that it has the capability to delineate the different functional groups present in the catalyst system. Thus, we have employed this technique to characterize the molecular composition of the catalysts. The FTIR spectra of synthesized catalysts are depicted in Figure .…”
Section: Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…FTIR is another important analytical technique used for the characterization of catalysts, given that it has the capability to delineate the different functional groups present in the catalyst system. Thus, we have employed this technique to characterize the molecular composition of the catalysts. The FTIR spectra of synthesized catalysts are depicted in Figure .…”
Section: Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The band around 575 cm –1 is characteristic of β-zeolite since the structure contains six-membered rings . The bands at about 800 and 1080 cm –1 represent the T–O–T (T = Al or Si) symmetric stretching vibrations, which are susceptible to the aluminum composition of the framework . The band that appears at 1225 cm –1 is related to asymmetric stretching of the T–O–T .…”
Section: Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…( 14) (15) Here ψ B is the dimensionless association parameter for nbutanol (1.20), 83 M B is the molecular weight of n-butanol (74.12 g mol −1 ), T is the absolute temperature in K, μ B is the absolute viscosity (cP) of n-butanol with eq 16 in a valid range of 250−563 K, 84 V ̃A is the molar volume of the levulinic acid at the normal boiling point (123.196 cm 3 mol −1 ), φ p is the catalyst porosity (0.80), 85 σ c is the constriction factor (0.8), 80 and τ is the tortuosity (3.0). 80 (16) On the other hand, r A ′ ́should be calculated from the experimental data according with eq 17, where is obtained by differentiation of mathematical function fitted to the experimental levulinic acid concentration. The detailed procedure for the fitting of the molar concentration of levulinic acid (Figures S1−S11) and the calculations of r A ′(Figures 2), are shown in the Supporting Information.…”
Section: Kinetic Modeling 331 Internal Mass Transfer Limitationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, their fuel blending and additive components could partially replace fossil fuels which can help in the world energy goal. For instance, it is reported that an addition of 5 wt% of ethyl levulinate into diesel successfully improves the physical properties of the fuel, namely, lubricity, toxicity, sulfur content, thermal stability, viscosity, flashpoint, and fluid dynamic stability. , Also, this possesses low energy density (33 wt%), which improves the hydrophilicity of fuel …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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