Zeptomol Detection Through Controlled Ultrasensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Rodríguez‐Lorenzo, Laura; Álvarez‐Puebla, Ramón A.; Pastoriza‐Santos, Isabel; Mazzucco, Stefano; Stéphan, Odile; Kociak, Mathieu; Liz‐Marzán, Luis M.; Abajo, F. Javier García de

doi:10.1021/ja809418t

Cited by 535 publications

(513 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…9,43 Therefore, high SERS signals are expected for Raman-active molecules trapped at such strong localized EM fields. 44 We used 4-MBA as Raman reporter molecule, which provides high SERS signal under 785 nm excitation and is known to strongly bind to the Au surface.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11 Various Au NS-based SERS substrates have been reported for chemical detection. Extremely high Raman signals have been obtained for dithiolated Raman-active molecules trapped between Au tips and a smooth gold film, 9 which were explained due to enhanced confinement effects. 12 An interesting alternative for practical applications comprised the immobilization of Au NSs on either gold or flexible polydimethylsiloxane substrates for chemical sensing of analytes that can directly interact with the Au NS surface.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gold Nanostar-Coated Polystyrene Beads as Multifunctional Nanoprobes for SERS Bioimaging

et al. 2016

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Hybrid colloidal nanocomposites comprising polystyrene beads and plasmonic gold nanostars are reported as multifunctional optical nanoprobes. Such self-assembled structures are excellent Raman enhancers for bioapplications as they feature plasmon modes in the near-infrared "first biological transparency window". In this proof of concept study, we used 4-mercaptobenzoic acid as a Raman-active molecule to optimize the density of gold nanostars on polystyrene beads, improving SERS performance and thereby allowing in vitro cell culture imaging. Interestingly, intermediate gold nanostar loadings were found to yield higher SERS response, which was confirmed by electromagnetic modeling. These engineered hybrid nanostructures notably improve the possibilities of using gold nanostars as SERS tags. Additionally, when fluorescently labeled polystyrene beads are used as colloidal carriers, the composite particles can be applied as promising tools for multimodal bioimaging.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanostar-Coated Polystyrene Beads as Multifunctional Nanoprobes for SERS Bioimaging

et al. 2016

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“…Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been widely applied for the study of molecules [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The enhancement of the Raman intensity is usually explained as a * ebarros@fisica.ufc.br combination of two effects, the first, and most important one, is the enhancement of the electromagnetic field by the light interaction with plasmons in the metallic surface (known as EM-SERS) [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of Raman enhancement by two-dimensional materials: Applications for graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Barros

Dresselhaus

2014

Phys. Rev. B

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We propose a third-order time-dependent perturbation theory approach to describe the chemical surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy of molecules interacting with two-dimensional (2D) surfaces such as an ideal 2D metal and graphene, which are both 2D metallic monolayers. A detailed analysis is performed for all the possible scattering processes involving both electrons and holes and considering the different time orderings for the electron-photon and electron-phonon interactions. We show that for ideal 2D metals a surface enhancement of the Raman scattering is possible if the Fermi energy of the surface is near the energy of either the HOMO or the LUMO states of the molecule and that a maximum enhancement is obtained when the Fermi energy matches the energy of either the HOMO or the LUMO energies plus or minus the phonon energy. The graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy effect is then explained as a particular case of a 2D surface, on which the density of electronic states is not constant, but increases linearly with the energy measured from the charge neutrality point. In the case of graphene, the Raman enhancement can occur for any value of the Fermi energy between the HOMO and LUMO states of the molecule. The proposed model allows for a formal approach for calculating the Raman intensity of molecules interacting with different 2D materials.

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“…The way to solve these challenges is to design and fabricate a highly organized photonic structure (8) that provides a high electromagnetic field enhancement in a reproducible geometry (9,10). Recent demonstration of near-field focalization by nanoantennas (11,12) has paved the way for development of ultrasensitive SERS substrates that can concentrate the near field within certain confined regions, allowing one to obtain extremely high EFs (13)(14)(15). Such a nanoantenna effect was predicted and found for nanorod (NR) dimers, where the maximum focalization is present at the NR tips (16,17).…”

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Gold nanorods 3D-supercrystals as surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy substrates for the rapid detection of scrambled prions

Alvarez-Puebla

Agarwal

Manna

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Highly organized supercrystals of Au nanorods with plasmonic antennae enhancement of electrical field have made possible fast direct detection of prions in complex biological media such as serum and blood. The nearly perfect three-dimensional organization of nanorods render these systems excellent surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy substrates with uniform electric field enhancement, leading to reproducibly high enhancement factor in the desirable spectral range.S urface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is not only one of the most sensitive analytical techniques but also can be used under biological conditions. Additionally, SERS signals are strongly dependent on conformational changes in macromolecules such as proteins (1). Unfortunately, although SERS of proteins has been consistently investigated during the last decade (2-6), enhancement factors (EFs) obtained for most conventional (nonfluorescent) proteins are still insufficient for their direct detection in complex biological media (7). There are two additional very serious challenges as well. Both quantitative detection by SERS and reproducible geometry of the "hot spots" necessary for SERS are difficult to achieve. The way to solve these challenges is to design and fabricate a highly organized photonic structure (8) that provides a high electromagnetic field enhancement in a reproducible geometry (9, 10). Recent demonstration of near-field focalization by nanoantennas (11,12) has paved the way for development of ultrasensitive SERS substrates that can concentrate the near field within certain confined regions, allowing one to obtain extremely high EFs (13-15). Such a nanoantenna effect was predicted and found for nanorod (NR) dimers, where the maximum focalization is present at the NR tips (16,17). One can hypothesize, therefore, that a highly organized system of NRs (18-21) acting as an extended nanoantenna may provide resolution for the SERS challenges of proteins or their segments. In turn, this hypothesis can lead to significant technological development for relevant biomedical problems. One example of those problems is the presymptomatic detection of scrambled prions directly in biological fluids.Prions are hard-to-detect infectious agents that cause a number of fatal neurodegenerative diseases in mammalians such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), scrapie of sheep, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) of humans (22), and recently traced as well to other neurodegenerative syndromes as Alzheimer's (23) and Parkinson (24). Invariably, all of these diseases involve the modification of the endogenous and functional prion protein (PrP C ) into a nonfunctional but much more stable form (PrP SC ) giving rise to the so-called amyloid plaques in the brain and other nervous tissues (25). Detection of its presence for contention in cattle or diagnosis in humans or blood transfusion banks (26) is very difficult even by state-of-the-art immunological methods such as fluorescence immunoassay, RIA, or ELISA (27) or protein misfolding c...

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Zeptomol Detection Through Controlled Ultrasensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Cited by 535 publications

References 23 publications

Gold Nanostar-Coated Polystyrene Beads as Multifunctional Nanoprobes for SERS Bioimaging

Gold Nanostar-Coated Polystyrene Beads as Multifunctional Nanoprobes for SERS Bioimaging

Theory of Raman enhancement by two-dimensional materials: Applications for graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Gold nanorods 3D-supercrystals as surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy substrates for the rapid detection of scrambled prions

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