Zeroing in on zoster: A tale of many disorders produced by one virus

Galetta, Kristin; Gilden, Don

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2015.10.004

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Defects in specific functional compartments of the immune system are associated with susceptibility to specific infectious agents [ 8 ]. Herpes zoster is most frequent in the elderly and in immunocompromised patients [ 1 , 2 ]. The reason relies on the fact that VZV-specific, cell-mediated immunity declines with age or immunosuppression, and it is the adaptive T cell response that is crucial for preventing the reactivation of the latent virus [ [7] , [8] , [9] ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two clinical syndromes are caused by this virus. The primary infection (chickenpox) usually occurs during childhood and is extremely contagious, characterized by fever, malaise, and a vesicular rash [ 2 ]. Reactivation of VZV results in herpes zoster (shingles), with dermatomal distribution of pain and rash, and it is usually a disease of older or immunocompromised people [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary infection (chickenpox) usually occurs during childhood and is extremely contagious, characterized by fever, malaise, and a vesicular rash [ 2 ]. Reactivation of VZV results in herpes zoster (shingles), with dermatomal distribution of pain and rash, and it is usually a disease of older or immunocompromised people [ 1 , 2 ]. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement may occur during primary infection or reactivation, and may include meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, vasculopathy, myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and retinal inflammatory disorders [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Varicella-zoster virus meningitis with hypoglycorrhachia in a young immunocompetent adult without rash: A case report and literature review

Spernovasilis

Milioni

Gialamas

et al. 2018

IDCases

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Overt aseptic meningitis rarely complicates varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation in young and immunocompetent adults. Many of the cases of VZV meningitis are associated with an exanthem. We describe an otherwise healthy 36-year-old adult who had aseptic meningitis without skin rash, caused by reactivation of varicella-zoster virus. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed lymphocytosis, increased total protein, and low glucose. Diagnosis was made by polymerase chain reaction in CSF. The present case highlights the fact that VZV should be considered as a cause of aseptic meningitis with hypoglycorrhachia in healthy and young individuals, even in the absence of an exanthem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Varicella-zoster virus meningitis with hypoglycorrhachia in a young immunocompetent adult without rash: A case report and literature review

Spernovasilis

Milioni

Gialamas

et al. 2018

IDCases

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“…A non-replicating liposome-based subunit vaccine (HZ/su) is the new development for zoster prevention. The HZ/su is a non-live recombinant VZV glycoproteins E with the adjuvant ASO1B [53]. A randomized placebo-controlled study has shown that HU/su poses age-independent defense against HZ and has better efficacy compared to Zostavax® in reducing the risk of HZ for immunocompromised adults with the age above 50.…”

Section: Liposome Based Subunit Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

New Generation Peptide-Based Vaccine Prototype

Özcan¹,

Karahan²,

Kumar³

et al. 2020

Current and Future Aspects of Nanomedicine

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Synthetic peptide-based vaccine prototypes are the future potential vaccination. Antigens, which belong to minimal microbial component and produce antibodies such as peptides and polysaccharides, can promote long-term protection against pathogens that can cause infectious diseases. Production of peptides becomes simple with solid phase peptide synthesis and microwave-assisted solid phase peptide synthesis using automatic synthesizers. The use of synthetic peptides was approved by the health authorities for vaccine design. Peptides are themselves very weak immunogens and need adjuvants to provide an effective autoimmune response. For this reason, peptide antigens are conjugated with biopolymers and loaded with nanoparticles. The toxicity of vaccine prototypes is evaluated in cell culture, and non-toxic prototypes are selected for vaccinating experimental animals. The most effective peptide-based vaccine prototype is determined as the one with the highest antibody level. The goal of this book chapter is to illustrate the use of peptides vaccine systems and present their opportunities with their future development.

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“…Reactivation of the latent virus can occur years or decades later, resulting in herpes zoster, commonly called shingles. 13 14 …”

Section: Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Hospital Policy for Healthcare Workers and Patients Exposed to Varicella-Zoster Virus

2018

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Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes a highly contagious and generally benign, self-limited disease. However, in high-risk populations including immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, and neonates, VZV infection can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Healthcare-associated transmission of VZV occurs among healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients by airborne transmission or by direct contact with the index case. To minimize the risk of transmission in healthcare settings, all VZV-susceptible HCWs should be encouraged strongly to be immunized with the varicella vaccine. For post-exposure management, active immunization (varicella vaccine), passive immunization (varicella-zoster immune globulin) and/or antiviral agents, and isolation could be used in specific situations. To prevent the transmission of VZV infection in the hospital settings, the development and implementation of hospital policies for appropriate infection control is also warranted. This article reviews the general information and healthcare-associated transmission of VZV and summarizes the recommendations for the pre- and post-exposure management of HCWs and patients, in hospital settings.

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Zeroing in on zoster: A tale of many disorders produced by one virus

Cited by 22 publications

References 76 publications

Varicella-zoster virus meningitis with hypoglycorrhachia in a young immunocompetent adult without rash: A case report and literature review

Varicella-zoster virus meningitis with hypoglycorrhachia in a young immunocompetent adult without rash: A case report and literature review

New Generation Peptide-Based Vaccine Prototype

Implementation of Hospital Policy for Healthcare Workers and Patients Exposed to Varicella-Zoster Virus

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