Zika and Rio Olympic Games

Shadgan, Babak; Pakravan, Amir Hossein; Zaeimkohan, Hamid; Shahpar, Farhad Moradi; Khodaee, Morteza

doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000278

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Potential mosquito breeding sites (eg, tires, flowerpots, buckets, and other similar containers) were highlighted as risk factors for disease spread [ 43 ]. In addition, temperature, precipitation, and other environmental factors had an impact on vector-borne disease infections [ 44 , 45 ] ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks, Epidemics, and Prevention Measures of Infectious Diseases in Major Sports Events: Scoping Review

Yan

Fang

et al. 2022

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background Major sports events are the focus of the world. However, the gathering of crowds during these events creates huge risks of infectious diseases transmission, posing a significant public health threat. Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review the epidemiological characteristics and prevention measures of infectious diseases at major sports events. Methods The procedure of this scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s five-step methodological framework. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, were searched systematically. The general information (ie, publication year, study type) of each study, sports events’ features (ie, date and host location), infectious diseases’ epidemiological characteristics (ie, epidemics, risk factors), prevention measures, and surveillance paradigm were extracted, categorized, and summarized. Results A total of 24,460 articles were retrieved from the databases and 358 studies were included in the final data synthesis based on selection criteria. A rapid growth of studies was found over recent years. The number of studies investigating epidemics and risk factors for sports events increased from 16/254 (6.3%) before 2000 to 201/254 (79.1%) after 2010. Studies focusing on prevention measures of infectious diseases accounted for 85.0% (238/280) of the articles published after 2010. A variety of infectious diseases have been reported, including respiratory tract infection, gastrointestinal infection, vector-borne infection, blood-borne infection, and water-contact infection. Among them, respiratory tract infections were the most concerning diseases (250/358, 69.8%). Besides some routine prevention measures targeted at risk factors of different diseases, strengthening surveillance was highlighted in the literature. The surveillance system appeared to have gone through three stages of development, including manual archiving, network-based systems, and automated intelligent platforms. Conclusions This critical summary and collation of previous empirical evidence is meaningful to provide references for holding major sports events. It is essential to improve the surveillance techniques for timely detection of the emergence of epidemics and to improve risk perception in future practice.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks, Epidemics, and Prevention Measures of Infectious Diseases in Major Sports Events: Scoping Review

Yan

Fang

et al. 2022

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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“…GeoSentinel Surveillance Network data platform was used during the last outbreak of ZIKV in America and travelers from Canada were screened for acute ZIKV infection (Boggild et al, 2017). During the recent Rio Olympics and Paralympic games athletes, travelers were screened for ZIKV by urine and blood samples using real-time RT-PCR (Shadgan et al, 2016). Advanced diagnostic techniques like biosensors, nanodiagnostics, microarray, LAMP and lateral flow assay should be employed on a regular basis to know the exact status of the disease to aid in prevention and control of ZIKV (Dhama et al, 2014a;Lambe et al, 2016).…”

Section: Advances In Diagnosis Monitoring and Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

Zika Virus / Zika Fever : A Comprehensive Update

Dhama¹,

Karthik²,

Tiwari³

et al. 2018

JEBAS

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Zika virus (ZIKV) has attracted global attention after its first large-scale outbreak in Pacific, Micronesian island of Yap (Year 2007). The virus spreads rapidly and owes increased virulence than the ZIKV which appeared nearly six decades ago, where it was associated with sporadic cases and mild illness. The World Health Organization declared ZIKA as a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern" due to severe illness and associated several complications such as neurological disorders, autoimmune disorder, fetal anomalies, impaired central nervous system (CNS) of the fetus, microcephaly

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“…When the recent ZIKV outbreak occurred in South and Central American states, several national and international organizations expressed their concern for the safety of athletes, players, coaches, and viewers during the Rio Olympic and Paralympic games. Even blood and urine samples from asymptomatic persons were tested by real-time RT-PCR (Shadgan et al, 2016 ). Epidemiological studies confirmed that, after 2015, approximately 1.5 million people in Brazil alone were infected with ZIKV, with almost 80% of cases asymptomatic but positive for viral RNA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Monitoring of Zika Virus: An Update

et al. 2018

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Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with numerous human health-related disorders, including fetal microcephaly, neurological signs, and autoimmune disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Perceiving the ZIKA associated losses, in 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a global public health emergency. In consequence, an upsurge in the research on ZIKV was seen around the globe, with significant attainments over developing several effective diagnostics, drugs, therapies, and vaccines countering this life-threatening virus at an early step. State-of-art tools developed led the researchers to explore virus at the molecular level, and in-depth epidemiological investigations to understand the reason for increased pathogenicity and different clinical manifestations. These days, ZIKV infection is diagnosed based on clinical manifestations, along with serological and molecular detection tools. As, isolation of ZIKV is a tedious task; molecular assays such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time qRT-PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), lateral flow assays (LFAs), biosensors, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) tests, strand invasion-based amplification tests and immune assays like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are in-use to ascertain the ZIKV infection or Zika fever. Herein, this review highlights the recent advances in the diagnosis, surveillance, and monitoring of ZIKV. These new insights gained from the recent advances can aid in the rapid and definitive detection of this virus and/or Zika fever. The summarized information will aid the strategies to design and adopt effective prevention and control strategies to counter this viral pathogen of great public health concern.

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Zika and Rio Olympic Games

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Risks, Epidemics, and Prevention Measures of Infectious Diseases in Major Sports Events: Scoping Review

Risks, Epidemics, and Prevention Measures of Infectious Diseases in Major Sports Events: Scoping Review

Zika Virus / Zika Fever : A Comprehensive Update

Advances in Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Monitoring of Zika Virus: An Update

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