Zika virus and microcephaly

Barton, Michelle; Salvadori, M

doi:10.1503/cmaj.160179

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This unexpected emergence of ZIKV beyond its traditional borders and the subsequent global spread of the virus in the last ten years (Reviewed in [ 3 ]) has caused a public health emergency. As ZIKV spread, infection has become associated with increased risks for congenital birth defects and neurological disease [ 4 – 12 ]. As it is now recognized that there is an increased risk of severe disease associated with ZIKV infection, focus has shifted toward detection, defining correlates of protection, and the development of a vaccine or antiviral to protect against disease progression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD4+T cells mediate protection against Zika associated severe disease in a mouse model of infection

et al. 2018

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Zika virus (ZIKV) has gained worldwide attention since it emerged, and a global effort is underway to understand the correlates of protection and develop diagnostics to identify rates of infection. As new therapeutics and vaccine approaches are evaluated in clinical trials, additional effort is focused on identifying the adaptive immune correlates of protection against ZIKV disease. To aid in this endeavor we have begun to dissect the role of CD4+T cells in the protection against neuroinvasive ZIKV disease. We have identified an important role for CD4+T cells in protection, demonstrating that in the absence of CD4+T cells mice have more severe neurological sequela and significant increases in viral titers in the central nervous system (CNS). The transfer of CD4+T cells from ZIKV immune mice protect type I interferon receptor deficient animals from a lethal challenge; showing that the CD4+T cell response is necessary and sufficient for control of ZIKV disease. Using a peptide library spanning the complete ZIKV polyprotein, we identified both ZIKV-encoded CD4+T cell epitopes that initiate immune responses, and ZIKV specific CD4+T cell receptors that recognize these epitopes. Within the ZIKV antigen-specific TCRβ repertoire, we uncovered a high degree of diversity both in response to a single epitope and among different mice responding to a CD4+T cell epitope. Overall this study identifies a novel role for polyfunctional and polyclonal CD4+T cells in providing protection against ZIKV infection and highlights the need for vaccines to develop robust CD4+T cell responses to prevent ZIKV neuroinvasion and limit replication within the CNS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD4+T cells mediate protection against Zika associated severe disease in a mouse model of infection

et al. 2018

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“…[10][11][12] The emerging phenotype of CZS appears to be associated with a fetal brain disruption sequence, including severe microcephaly, overlapping sutures, prominent occipital bone, scalp rugae with normal hair patterning, and significant neurologic imparment. 13,14 Infants with CZS have also been reported to have neuropathology resembling other common congenital infections, such as toxoplasmosis or cytomegalovirus, 15 which also have overlapping clinical presentations. 16 The literature on these conditions may shed light on treatment options and prognoses for some infants with CZS.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of Infants With Congenital Zika Syndrome: What Do We Know and What Can We Expect?

Wheeler

2018

Pediatrics

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The association between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and severe birth defects in infants has led to worldwide attention focused on the mechanisms of the disease and the prevention of future exposure. Surveillance efforts around the world continue with the goal of identifying and monitoring all potentially exposed women and their newborns. For infants who were born with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and their families, an uncertain future awaits. As infants who were born with CZS during the most recent outbreak enter their second year of life, new developments in the outcomes of the condition continue to unfold, providing some insight into the likely long-term sequalae. In this article, I review the literature on emerging findings regarding the impact of CZS on the developing infant and provide some predictions regarding the long-term outcomes and lifetime needs of these children and their families.

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“…Microcephaly is one of the associated medical effects of Zika virus infection in mothers with their new born babies [36][37][38][39][40]. In the past, cases of Zika virus with microcephaly were not that common, but in Brazil, it was observed that the rate of microcephaly is twenty times more, which is quite alarming and new cases are still emerging [41].…”

Section: Relation Between Zika Virus and Microcephalymentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika Virus, Microcephaly and its Possible Global Spread

Badshah¹,

Mabkhot²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2018

Current Topics in Zika

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Zika virus is an arbovirus that is spreading at an alarming state in the American continents and now in Asian countries. The Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors for the spread of this virus beside other ways of transmission. Currently, there are no vaccines or drugs available for its treatment. The Zika virus-related microcephaly cases are reported in fetuses of pregnant women who got this viral infection. However, the exact mechanism of Zika virus and microcephaly is still not established. Here we review Zika virus epidemiology, its unusual relationship with microcephaly in fetuses and current scientific research progress on it.not favorable for Aedes mosquitos [35]. In such areas, blood and semen donations should be properly checked for the presence of Zika virus, and further, people coming from affected areas should take care when they donate blood and semen in unaffected areas [36]. Relation between Zika virus and microcephalyMicrocephaly is one of the associated medical effects of Zika virus infection in mothers with their new born babies [36][37][38][39][40]. In the past, cases of Zika virus with microcephaly were not that common, but in Brazil, it was observed that the rate of microcephaly is twenty times more, which is quite alarming and new cases are still emerging [41]. Zika virus has the capacity to cross the placental barrier and infect the fetus [42,43]. The infected mothers of these babies have rashes in the first and second trimesters [44]. Beside microcephaly, brain calcifications, cataracts and intraocular calcifications of eyes in fetuses are also reported [45]. In other cases, agyria, hydrocephalus and associated cortical displacement and mild focal inflammation are also present [46][47][48]. Similarly in another case in addition to the above-mentioned symptoms,

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Zika virus and microcephaly

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

CD4+T cells mediate protection against Zika associated severe disease in a mouse model of infection

CD4+T cells mediate protection against Zika associated severe disease in a mouse model of infection

Development of Infants With Congenital Zika Syndrome: What Do We Know and What Can We Expect?

Zika Virus, Microcephaly and its Possible Global Spread

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