Zinc Detection in Serum by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry on Microfabricated Bismuth Electrodes

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) homeostasis is required for a functional immune system. Critically ill patients often exhibit decreased Zn serum concentrations and could potentially benefit from Zn supplementation as a therapeutic strategy. However, the conventional approaches to monitoring Zn are time consuming and costly. This work reports on detection of Zn by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) on bismuth electrodes in a microfabricated electrochemical cell. The working potential window of the electrodeposited bismuth film electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, while square wave ASV was used for measuring Zn in acetate buffer and blood serum. Conditions critical to sensing, such as preconcentration potential, preconcentration time, and buffer pH, were optimized for Zn detection. The sensor was successfully calibrated with pH 6 acetate buffer in the physiologically-relevant range of 5 μM to 50μM Zn and exhibited well-defined and highly repeatable peaks. The sensor was used to demonstrate measurement of Zn in blood serum digested in HCl. The results of this work show that Zn detection in serum is possible with smaller sample volumes (μL vs. μL) and faster turnaround time (hours vs. days) as compared with the conventional spectroscopic methods.

Sustainable monitoring of Zn(II) in biological fluids using office paper

“…Although the different matrices gave slightly different sensitivities, by using the standard addition method, the office paper-based SPE was capable to estimate the initial concentration of zinc in both matrices. The obtained results (Tables S1 and S3 in Supplementary material) have been perfectly compatible with the physiological levels of zinc both in serum and sweat, respectively, 0.59-1.18 g/mL [43] and 0.39-1.56 g/mL [32].…”

“…The office paper-based SPE developed in this work is characterized by the best detection limit when compared with the other SPEs based on the bismuth film [32,42,43]. Although some methods, i.e.…”

Label-free Detection of Zn2+ Based on G-quadruplex

“…Zinc homeostasis is required for normal functioning of the immune system, insulin secretion/ action, and anti-oxidant systems. 2 Free Zn 2+ is also a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the central nervous system. Diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and stroke are associated with abnormal levels of zinc.…”

The relationship between micronutrients and anthropometric measurements in malnourished children / Relaţia între micronutrienţi şi măsurătorile antropometrice la copiii malnutriţi

“…Though many micronutrients can be easily evaluated with minor investment in all children who present suspicion of nutritional deficits, some micronutrients are more difficult to assess; this is mainly due to the need of good infrastructure represented by the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) system as conventional method of detection; other recently developed equipment, such as the Anodic Stripping Voltammetry system may be available in the near future (19,20). Nowadays, the related costs for Zn and Cu serum detection are not negligible (~11€ retail price/probe in Romanian laboratories), as they are 4-5 times higher than those for Ca, Mg or Fe.…”