Zinc dust: An extremely active and reusable catalyst in acylation of phenols, thiophenol, amines and alcohols in a solvent-free system

A new ferrocene-based bulky pyridine as an efficient reusable homogeneous catalyst

“…Next, the procedure was extended to a variety of substrates such as amines and thiophenols. Aromatic (entries [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] as well as aliphatic (entry 29) amines were successfully acetylated using catalyst II. Similarly, the catalysts were found to be efficient in the acetylation of thiophenols (entries 30-33) with excellent yields.…”

“…58, 53.35, 129.22, 129.97, 130.72, 133.90, 140.41, 144.79, 163.34, 164.14, 191.04. GC-MS (m/z (%)): 282 (26) [M + ], 251 (15), 139 (100), 111 (62), 75 (35), 53 (18).…”

“…28, 53.05, 53.85, 129.39, 130.15, 130.84, 133.69, 145.57, 145.92, 164.28, 164.80, 192.41. GC-MS (m/z (%)): 262 (26) [M + ], 231 (12), 119 (100), 91 (74), 65 (28).…”

Glycerol-Based Carbon-SO<sub>3</sub>H Catalyzed Benign Synthetic Protocol for the Acetylation of Alcohols, Phenols and Amines under Solvent-Free Conditions

“…4-(Dimethylamino) pyridine (DMAP) is known to cause remarkable rate acceleration in the reaction [19]. A variety of catalysts such as silica gel supported sulphuric acid [20,21], Ammonium acetate in acetic acid [22], Zinc dust [23], ZnCl 2 [24], CoCl 2 [25], Sc(OTf) 3 [26], TaCl 5 [27], Montmorillonit K10 [28], HY Zeolite [29], In(OTf) 3 [30], Cu(OTf) 2 [31], Yittria-Zirconia based Lewis acid [32], InCl 3 /Mont. K 10 [33], Manganese (III) bis(2-hydroxyanil) acetylacetonato complex [34], Silica sulfate [35], p-MeC 6 H 4 SO 2 NBr 2 [36], DBDMH or TCCA [37], [39], Ionic liquid based on morpholin [40], Borated zirconia [41], 2,4,6-Triacyloxy-l,3,5-triazine (TAT) [42], Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) [43] and DMAP.…”

Efficient acetylation of primary amines and amino acids in environmentally benign brine solution using acetyl chloride

“…12 Few methods of acetylation of amines are known using ace- * For correspondence tyl chloride of which most common is the use of acetyl chloride in pyridine. 13 Acetyl chloride has also been used in combination with some fairly exotic reagents such as ZrOCl 2 •8H 2 O, 14 zinc dust 15 and thermally decomposed Ni-Fe-hydrotalcite. 16 However, owing to its aforementioned explosive nature when in contact with water and subsequent rapid hydrolysis, the use of this easily available and cost effective reagent in aqueous medium has proved elusive till date.…”