Zinc

Skalny, Anatoly V.; Aschner, Michael; Tinkov, Alexey A.

doi:10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.01.003

Cited by 69 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 360 publications

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“…Zinc is an essential trace element and its deficiency results in various pathologies or potentiates them [ 160 , 161 ]. Zinc ions are necessary for the activity of over three hundred enzymes in the human body [ 162 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fresh Look at Mouthwashes—What Is Inside and What Is It For?

Radzki

Wilhelm-Węglarz

Pruska

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Mouthwashes are a very popular additional oral hygiene element and there are plenty of individual products, whose compositions are in a state of flux. The aim of our study was to investigate the compositions of mouthwashes and their functions, as well as to discuss their effectiveness in preventing and curing oral diseases and side effects. We searched for mouthwashes available on the market in Poland. We identified 241 individual mouthwash products. The extraction of compositions was performed and functions of the ingredients were assessed. Then, analysis was performed. The evaluation revealed that there are plenty of ingredients, but a typical mouthwash is a water–glycerine mixture and consists of additional sweetener, surfactant, preservative, and some colourant and flavouring agent, as well as usually having two oral health substances, anticaries sodium fluoride and antimicrobial essential oils. The effectiveness or side effects of several substances of mouthwashes were thoroughly discussed. We recommend not multiplying individual mouthwash products and their ingredients beyond medical or pharmaceutical necessity, especially without scientific proof.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fresh Look at Mouthwashes—What Is Inside and What Is It For?

Radzki

Wilhelm-Węglarz

Pruska

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Moreover, early correction of NMDAR hyperfunction observed during development in Shank2- Δ e 6–7–/– mice with the NMDAR antagonist memantine (P7–21) prevented autistic-like social behaviours post-weaning ( Chung et al, 2019 ). Zinc has also been a major focus for reversal of ASD-related synaptic and behavioural deficits ( Skalny et al, 2021 ): acute zinc elevation via clioquinol also effectively restored NMDAR function in the hippocampus and prevented spatial memory deficits in Shank2- Δ e 6–7–/– mice ( Lee E.-J. et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Hippocampusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shankopathies in the Developing Brain in Autism Spectrum Disorders

et al. 2021

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The SHANK family of proteins play critical structural and functional roles in the postsynaptic density (PSD) at excitatory glutamatergic synapses. Through their multidomain structure they form a structural platform across the PSD for protein–protein interactions, as well as recruiting protein complexes to strengthen excitatory synaptic transmission. Mutations in SHANKs reflect their importance to synapse development and plasticity. This is evident in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder resulting in behavioural changes including repetitive behaviours, lack of sociability, sensory issues, learning, and language impairments. Human genetic studies have revealed ASD mutations commonly occur in SHANKs. Rodent models expressing these mutations display ASD behavioural impairments, and a subset of these deficits are rescued by reintroduction of Shank in adult animals, suggesting that lack of SHANK during key developmental periods can lead to permanent changes in the brain’s wiring. Here we explore the differences in synaptic function and plasticity from development onward in rodent Shank ASD models. To date the most explored brain regions, relate to the behavioural changes observed, e.g., the striatum, hippocampus, sensory, and prefrontal cortex. In addition, less-studied regions including the hypothalamus, cerebellum, and peripheral nervous system are also affected. Synaptic phenotypes include weakened but also strengthened synaptic function, with NMDA receptors commonly affected, as well as changes in the balance of excitation and inhibition especially in cortical brain circuits. The effects of shankopathies in activity-dependent brain wiring is an important target for therapeutic intervention. We therefore highlight areas of research consensus and identify remaining questions and challenges.

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“…Zinc is a critical nutritional trace element required for the growth and development of almost all known organisms. Zinc plays crucial roles in maintaining cellular, molecular, and systemic biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, DNA and RNA synthesis, RBC production, tissue maintenance, immune function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and cell signaling pathways [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Zinc is required for the function and structure of about 2500 proteins, accounting for about 10% of all human proteins, including important enzymes, cytokines, transcription factors, and other proteins [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Zinc in the Pathogenesis of Lung Disease

Ali

Dua

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Lung diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF), are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity globally. They contribute to substantial economic burdens on society and individuals. Currently, only a few treatments are available to slow the development and progression of these diseases. Thus, there is an urgent unmet need to develop effective therapies to improve quality of life and limit healthcare costs. An increasing body of clinical and experimental evidence suggests that altered zinc and its regulatory protein levels in the systemic circulation and in the lungs are associated with these disease’s development and progression. Zinc plays a crucial role in human enzyme activity, making it an essential trace element. As a cofactor in metalloenzymes and metalloproteins, zinc involves a wide range of biological processes, such as gene transcription, translation, phagocytosis, and immunoglobulin and cytokine production in both health and disease. Zinc has gained considerable interest in these lung diseases because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune, and metabolic modulatory properties. Here we highlight the role and mechanisms of zinc in the pathogenesis of asthma, COPD, CF, acute respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension.

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Zinc

Cited by 69 publications

References 360 publications

A Fresh Look at Mouthwashes—What Is Inside and What Is It For?

A Fresh Look at Mouthwashes—What Is Inside and What Is It For?

Shankopathies in the Developing Brain in Autism Spectrum Disorders

The Role of Zinc in the Pathogenesis of Lung Disease

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