Zinc is an essential trace element for spermatogenesis

Yamaguchi, Sonoko; Miura, Chiemi; Kikuchi, Kazuya; Celino, Fritzie T.; Agusa, Tetsuro; Tanabe, Shinsuke; Miura, Takeshi

doi:10.1073/pnas.0900602106

Cited by 176 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Low cellular Zn concentration was found to induce programmed cell death in various cell types including fibroblasts, hepatocytes, T-cell precursors, glioma and testicular cells (Ho and Ames 2002;Ho et al 2003;Yan et al 2008;Bao and Knoell 2006;Yamaguchi et al 2009). In addition, Zn depletion has also been associated with caspase activation and increases in apoptosis in airway epithelial cells, lung and hepatocytes (Truong-Tran et al 2001;Hennig et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc deficiency or excess within the physiological range increases genome instability and cytotoxicity, respectively, in human oral keratinocyte cells

et al. 2011

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Zinc (Zn) is an essential component of Zn-finger proteins and acts as a cofactor for enzymes required for cellular metabolism and in the maintenance of DNA integrity. The study investigated the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of Zn deficiency or excess in a primary human oral keratinocyte cell line and determined the optimal concentration of two Zn compounds (Zn Sulphate (ZnSO 4 ) and Zn Carnosine (ZnC)) to minimise DNA damage. Zn-deficient medium (0 lM) was produced using Chelex treatment, and the two Zn compounds ZnSO 4 and ZnC were tested at concentrations of 0.0, 0.4, 4.0, 16.0, 32.0 and 100.0 lM. Cell viability was decreased in Zndepleted cells (0 lM) as well as at 32 lM and 100 lM for both Zn compounds (P \ 0.0001) as measured via the MTT assay. DNA strand breaks, as measured by the comet assay, were found to be increased in Zn-depleted cells compared with the other treatment groups (P \ 0.05). The Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus Cytome assay showed a significant increase in the frequency of both apoptotic and necrotic cells under Zn-deficient conditions (P \ 0.05). Furthermore, elevated frequencies of micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBuds) were observed at 0 and 0.4 lM Zn, whereas these biomarkers were minimised for both Zn compounds at 4 and 16 lM Zn (P \ 0.05), suggesting these concentrations are optimal to maintain genome stability. Expression of PARP, p53 and OGG1 measured by western blotting was increased in Zn-depleted cells indicating that DNA repair mechanisms are activated. These results suggest that maintaining Zn concentrations within the range of 4-16 lM is essential for DNA damage prevention in cultured human oral keratinocytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc deficiency or excess within the physiological range increases genome instability and cytotoxicity, respectively, in human oral keratinocyte cells

et al. 2011

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“…Zinc is an essential trace element required for the maintenance of germ cells, spermatogenesis, and regulation of sperm motility [Yamaguchi et al 2009] and in spermiogenesis [Merker and Gunther 1997]. Zinc is also a co-factor for enzymes involved in preventing OS and has been shown to modulate the testicular toxicity of cadmium [Parizek 1957].…”

Section: Gene Polymorphisms: Potential Gene-environment Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Effects of Low Level Heavy Metal Exposure on Male Reproductive Function

Wirth

Mijal

2010

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine

245

164

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Lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic, often referred to as ''heavy metals'', are toxic for wildlife, experimental animals, and humans. While experimental animal and human occupational studies with high exposure levels generally support an adverse role for these metals in human reproductive outcomes, information on the effects of low, environmentally-realistic exposure levels of these metals on male reproductive outcomes is limited. We review the literature on effects of exposure to low levels of these metals on measures of male fertility (semen quality and reproductive hormone levels) and provide supporting evidence from experimental and occupational studies. Potentially modifying effects of genetic polymorphisms on these associations are discussed. A brief review of the literature on the effects of three trace metals, copper, manganese, and molybdenum, that are required for human health, yet may also cause adverse reproductive effects, follows. Overall, there were few studies examining the effects of exposure to low levels of these metals on male reproductive health. For all metals, there were several well-designed studies with sufficient populations appropriately adjusted for potential confounders and many of these reported harmful effects. However, many studies lacked sufficient numbers of participants to be able to detect differences in outcomes between exposed and non-exposed individuals, did not clearly identify the source and characteristics of the participants, and did not control for other exposures that could alter or contribute to the outcomes. The evidence for the effects of low exposure was strongest for cadmium, lead, and mercury and less certain for arsenic. The potential modifying effects of genetic polymorphisms has not been fully explored. Additional studies on the reproductive effects of these toxic ubiquitous metals on male reproduction are required to expand the knowledge base and to resolve inconsistencies.

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“…For example, natural drugs like Petasites Japonicas butanol (36), Rhodiola Sachalinensis polysaccharides (37), Lycium Bararum polysaccharides (38) and Astragalus (39), others like growth factors (40), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (41), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (42), Zinc (43) and Selenium (44), all have proliferative effects. In comparison with biomonomers of natural drugs and other chemicals, sophisticated compounds of TCM have various effects made by a variety of chemical components, multi-linked and multi-targeted in the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Icariin has testosterone mimetic properties and can significantly increase testosterone levels (47). Zinc and Selenium are essential trace elements for the maintenance of SSCs, the progression of spermatogenesis, and the regulation of sperm motility (43,48). Hirudin and ferulic acid can improve testicular microcirculation and metabolic function (49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%