Zoning Evaluation for Improved Coordinated Automatic Voltage Control

Abstract

Hierarchically structured automatic voltage control (AVC) architecture has attracted increased interest as networks operate closer to their capacity limits. Hierarchical AVC enables wide-area coordinated voltage regulation (CVR). Due to the inherent complexity of the task, it is based on reduced control models, i.e., simplified models of the system suitable for voltage control. It is a fact however that a single reduced control model (static RCM) cannot be optimal for all network configurations and operating conditions. In pursuit of an improved CVR, this paper investigates the applicability of zoning methodologies in adaptively determined RCM. It further argues that the selection of a zoning methodology affects not only the CVR operation, but also its robustness to erroneous data and proposes a comprehensive generic framework for evaluating its performance. Lastly, it extends and evaluates several zoning-based control model reduction methodologies: namely, hierarchical clustering employing two different proximity metrics, spectral-way and fuzzy-means, on both static and adaptive schemes.

Social and Economic Implications for the Smart Grids of the Future

“…It can also detect the new components of the network (e.g. power generators) and to constantly communicate with them accounting for their presence and integrating them into the network (Alimisis and Taylor, 2015;Kitapbayev et al, 2015). All of the above is done without any human interaction or manual system management -the 2050's power system will decide what is best by itself.…”

Secondary voltage regulation based on average voltage control

“…Some relevant electric service aspects such as efficiency, stability, safety, reliability and energy quality directly depend on the regulation of these variables [2].…”

Voltage control using eigen value decomposition of fast decoupled load flow Jacobian

“…Different voltage control devices for injecting reactive power have been used such as synchronous condensors [6], tap changer transformers [7], capacitor banks [8,9], and Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Voltage controllers are typically categorized in a hierarchical structure including three levels, namely primary, secondary and tertiary levels [17][18][19][20][21]. In the primary control, the voltage is controlled locally and instantly through the Automatic Voltage Control (AVR) [22].…”

“…By assuming different assumptions such as minimizing active power losses, reactive power injection or voltage deviation, they can reach different pilot buses [32]. In [19], the zoning evaluation has been done for AVR in the primary controller. Reference [33], used a sensitivity matrix to identify voltage control areas rather than proposing an algorithm to control the system.…”